Uk:Downloading data
Якщо ви знаєте англійську, будь ласка, допоможіть закінчити цей переклад мовою: українська. Ознайомтесь з інструкціями з перекладу сторінок вікі.
Здається, зараз ніхто не працює над перекладом, ви можете зайнятись цим.
Ви можете завантажити дані з бази даних OpenStreetMap різними способами. Повний набір даних доступний на вебсайті OpenStreetMap для завантаження. Ви також можете обрати меншу ділянку для завантаження. Зазвичай дані постачаються у вигляді файлів у форматі OSM XML з розширенням .osm. Якщо вам потрібна лише «мапа» (наприклад для вашого пристрою GPS), тоді, скоріш за все, вам не потрібні сирі дані, натомість розгляньте інші варіанти завантаження даних OSM.
Some things to consider:
- The entire planet is a huge amount of data. Start with a regional extract to make sure your setup works properly. Common tools like Osmosis or various import tools for database imports and converters take hours or days to import data, depending largely on disk speed.
- OpenStreetMap is a federative project. That means that a lot of essential resources are provided by third party providers. Be bold, try to download there first. The official servers aren't huge data centres and don't have ample resources. They are rather dedicated to keep the data flow in sync.
All data at once
Planet.osm contains the entire planet. This is a snapshot of the current data, usually from last Wednesday. This is about 100 GB compressed in 2020, and growing each day.
The planet history contains even the history of almost all objects and is even bigger.
Probably easiest and fastest way to download whole planet file is by using Bittorrent client.
Alternatively, you can use download-osm tool from OpenMapTiles project to quickly download the entire planet from multiple mirrors at once, without overloading the primary server. The tool will ensure the download data is consistent with MD5 hash. It can also be used to download and validate regional extracts from Geofabrik, BBBike, and OSM.fr.
The easiest way is to run the tool using Docker. For example, share the current directory and let the tool place your file there. Anything after the -- is passed to aria2c. Here's an example Linux/Mac command. The one for Windows should be similar.
docker run --rm -it -v $PWD:/download openmaptiles/openmaptiles-tools \
download-osm planet -- -d /download
Use download-osm --help for documentation.
Huge amounts of data
Several extracts allow to download more manageable file sizes, from an entire continent to parts of a country. Tools like Osmosis, osmconvert, and osmfilter will assist you to extract specific data from these extracts.
XAPI, Overpass API and the Export Tool allow to download custom data sets like arbitrary bounding boxes, elements with specific tags, public transport networks or other features.
Small amounts of data
See Processed data providers, especially BBBike.org's custom extraction service.
Dedicated tools
Overpass API, maybe using Overpass Turbo is a great tool here described in detail on its own pages.
One can download all data in some small area or make more advanced filtering.
Using the export tab, one can select a piece of the map and download the data in several formats, including OSM XML. This intentionally works only at high zoom levels.
For editing
main api can be used to download data for editing.
A basic operation of the OpenStreetMap API, is the 'map' request. For the relevant API documentation see: API v0.6#Retrieving map data by bounding box: GET /api/0.6/map. Furthermore, the main api allows you to download the XML of single elements and the history of each of these elements. It is dedicated to editing, not downloads. Don't use this for mass requests, because this is resource intensive. Please use Overpass API or XAPI instead.
JOSM provides a useful interface for selecting the area you wish to download, and instant visualization of all the data you have downloaded. You can edit the data to re-upload it later. You can also save the data to .osm file (JOSM file format) for further processing. But because it employs the main API, it is not intended for downloading large quantities of data.
Note that use of the API (and especially bbox map data requests) is subject to our API usage policy. Heavy use (or large numbers of requests from many users) should use one of the above mentioned services instead.
Choose your region
The region is specified by a bounding box, which consists of a minimum and maximum latitude and longitude. Choose as small a region as will be useful to you, since larger regions will result in larger data files, longer download times, and heavier load on the server. The server may reject your region if it is larger than 1/4 degree in either dimension. When you're first starting out, choose a very small region so that you can figure things out quickly with small data sets.
There are several ways of finding latitude and longitude values. Since we are interested in a bounding box, perhaps the clearest way is to use the bounding box selection features of the 'export data' link. On the homepage map pan and zoom to roughly the right area, and then click the 'export data' (link on the left). This sidebar display includes the four values you need for a bounding box matching the extents of the viewport. Click 'Manually select a different area' and then drag a box to select exactly the region you want.
Construct a URL for the HTTP API
You must now construct an API request URL as specified in the map request docs. In the URL, a bounding box is expressed as four comma-separated numbers, in this order: left, bottom, right, top (min long, min lat, max long, max lat). Latitude and longitude are expressed in decimal degrees. North latitude is positive, south latitude is negative. West longitude is negative, east longitude is positive. The method described in the previous section will give you suitable values.
Example:
https://api.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/map?bbox=11.54,48.14,11.543,48.145
The API is limited to bounding boxes of about 0.5 degree by 0.5 degree and you should avoid using it if possible. For larger areas you might try to use XAPI, for example:
http://overpass.openstreetmap.ru/cgi/xapi_meta?*[bbox=11.5,48.1,11.6,48.2]
Refer to the XAPI page for details of other servers available.
Download the data
You can just type this URL into a browser if you want, but that may not work as well as you'd hope, especially if the data is large. If you know how to use them, command-line tools like wget and curl will do a better job.
If you've specified a region with a lot of data, you may have to wait a while before the HTTP response begins (the server is crunching your request). If your client times out, try setting options for a longer timeout, or choose a smaller region.
Here's an example command line for wget:
wget -O muenchen.osm "https://api.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/map?bbox=11.54,48.14,11.543,48.145"
