WikiProject Uganda/Mapping and Surveying of the Nakamiro Channel Area Project

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initiated and administered by OpenDRI logo.png OpenDRI - OPEN CITIES AFRICA initiative with support of Hot logo.svg HOT Uganda & Mapuganda.png MapUganda.org
Status: State (2/4)  - Started: 17/12/2019

Introduction

In 2018 OpenDRI launched the Open Cities Africa project, carried out in 11 Sub-Saharan Africa cities, to engage local government, civil society, and the private sector in developing the information infrastructure necessary to meet 21st-century urban resilience challenges. The project was implemented through a unique partnership between the World Bank, city governments, and a partner community of scientific organizations, development partners, and technology companies to support upcoming or ongoing investments in selected cities. One of the main goals is to enhance the local capacity and institutional development necessary to support the design and implementation of evidence-driven urban resilience interventions.

Kampala was selected for the first phase of Open Cities Africa and a pilot project was conducted in the flood-prone area of Ggaba parish in 2018. Detailed geospatial data of the built environment was created using innovative drone imaging technology and mobile apps for field data collection. All information digitized from aerial imagery and ground surveys were then compiled in OpenStreetMap and is available to KCCA and the local community to inform decisions for flood risk reduction and neighborhood planning.

For this next phase of the project, the Nakamiro channel area was selected by KCCA and the World Bank for detailed remote mapping and field data collection, compilation and consolidation of up-to-date geospatial information in and around Nakamiro Channel. This detailed information about the population living along the Nakamiro channel, the road and drainage infrastructure, and other public services will provide a clear picture of the assets exposed to flood risk and a feature-rich base map for guiding the decision-making process.

Nakamiro Catchment Area, Kawempe Division, Kampala

Nakamiro channel.png

Imagery and Tools

Imagery

Aerial Imagery will be shared by KCCA team and used for remote mapping through OpenAerialMap.

Tools

Open source tools will be used through the process of remote mapping in OpenStreetMap to prepare datasets of Nakamiro that will be used to conduct field mapping in selected villages. The following tools can be used:

Remote Mapping

  • HOT Tasking Manager: The Tasking Manager is a mapping tool designed and built for the Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team's collaborative mapping process in OpenStreetMap. The purpose of the tool is to divide up a mapping project into smaller tasks that can be completed rapidly with many people working on the same overall area. It shows which areas need to be mapped and which areas need the mapping validated.
  • Java OpenStreetMap (JOSM): This online/offline tool supports loading GPX tracks, background imagery, data layers and OSM data from local sources as well as from online sources. It allows editing of OSM data (nodes, ways, and relations) and their metadata tags.
  • ID editor: Like JOSM, the iD editor is used to edit OpenStreetMap, with iD working directly in a web browser.

Field Mapping

  • Open Data Kit (ODK Collect): ODK Collect is a free and open-source set of tools which help organizations to gather/manage mobile data collection on Smartphones and/or Tablets. It is used to conduct field surveys and data collection exercises. ODK Collect is a great replacement for paper-based surveys.
  • OpenMapKit (OMK): OMK is an extension of OpenDataKit, allowing users to create mobile data collection surveys for field data collection, specifically in areas where there is a high density of shapes/lines which have already been remotely-mapped. OpenMapKit launches directly from OpenDataKit when the OSM question type is enabled in the survey. It includes OSM questions and tags to collect pre-set OSM-related information in the field.
  • OSMAnd: OSM for Android: OSMAnd is a smartphone app providing the complete OpenStreetMap interface within the Android environment. It can be used not only for its GPX line-tracking, but also to edit and upload notes in OSM, used as a ‘SatNav’, and collect points and analytics at field-level.

Field Monitoring

  • MapCampaigner: is a tool to monitor field mapping developed by HOT to review the progress of a mapping campaign.

Map production

  • QGIS: QGIS is a free and open source geographical information system software that allows users to create, edit, visualise, analyse and publish geospatial information on Windows, Mac and Linux operating systems.

Approach

Nakamiro Remote Analysis and Mapping

In order to update and validate the OSM base layer HOT team has set up a remote mapping task https://tasks.hotosm.org/project/6958 to be shared with KCCA GIS team. The KCCA GIS team are to share up to date aerial imagery of the Nakimiro Channel catchment area. This imagery will then be uploaded to OpenAerialMap and used to digitise and remote map gaps found both KCCA and OSM databases. The remote mapping exercise will be executed using both JOSM and ID editor platforms by both the KCCA and HOT teams. Scheduled mapathons will be organised at the KCCA. The places and dates will be confirmed based on project needs and availability of spaces and people. Nakamiro remote mapping Task to be set up 7th October 2019. Remote mapping commences after receiving Aerial imagery from KCCA on the 15th of October

Community Entry

After acquiring permission and a community liaison officer with KCCA, the HOT team will set up a meeting with the different parish heads. The meeting will be aimed at introducing the project to the local leaders, acquiring feedback about perceived flood events and history and proposing key community participants that will be trained to undertake the data collection exercise. Each parish will be requested to send at 8 participants to the training. The community entry and parish leaders’ courtesy visit will be carried out by the Field Operations Manager, GIS officer and 1 mapping supervisor

Field Reconnaissance

A field recognition visit will be scheduled, with the purpose of understanding the terrain, acquire the possible training venues, identify mode of transport for field data collection, estimate the number of data collectors required, the time taken to complete the project AOI, and security brief of each of the parishes in the AOI.The HOT field operations manager with a couple of mapping supervisors will undertake this task.

Training

KCCA

  • Remote mapping (Mapathons)
  • Overpass
  • Export tool
  • Geofabrick
  • QGIS

Community

  • Project intro: The community will be provided with a brief on the project objectives and deliverables. They will be trained on how they will be participating in the project and how it benefits them as a community.
  • Introduction to OMK: The community will be trained on the tools to be used for data collection with one (1) day for theory and one (1) days for field practice to provide enough exposure that will aid in the selection process of final team to work with.
  • OMK form walk through and understanding: During the theoretical part of the training, the community will be engaged in the omk form questions with the goal of them understanding the required data to be surveyed.
  • OMK field demo: A demo will be conducted during the theory sessions and then field test will be done in a given area.
  • Choosing field data collectors: The participants will be screened to reduce the number to 20 members whom will be involved in the data collection activities of the project.

Field Data Collection

Data will be collected in five (5) Parishes namely Kazo, Kawempe I, Bwaise I, Bwaise II, Bwaise III suitated in Kawempe division, Kampala district. These parishes contain a total of thirty three (23) villages.

  • Kazo:- Lugoba, Corner, Kazo Angola
  • Kawempe I:- Kisowera, Kalule, Ketifalawo, Kizza
  • Bwaise I:- Sempa, Kiyindi
  • Bwaise II:- Mukalazi, Mugowa, Tebuyoleka, Lufula, Jambula, Nakamiro, Nabukalu
  • Bwaise III:- Katale, Bukasa, Bugalani, St Francis, Katoogo, Kawala, Kalimali

Twenty five (25) data collectors were used to support in the survey of data related to floods. They were be made up of local community members, university students (Makerere University Youth Mappers) and RedCross volunteers. Five (5) data collectors were assigned per parish. Field data collection was done by 25 community members, 6 mapping supervisors and a field operations manager.

Using OpenMapKit (OMK) and field papers, field data will be collected with the support of these software and support documents. For smooth communication with the field team and administration, Whatsapp groups for each parish team and a main whatsapp group for administration communication were set up. Each group was assigned a mapping supervisor.

12 days of data collection working Monday to Saturday were used for the field activities. Each day all teams met with their mapping supervisors to acquire instructions before heading out the field. Data collection started at 8:30am to 4:30pm in the evening totalling to six (6) hours of work and an hour (1) for lunch break.

All data collectors and supervisors put on branded visibility jackets and had a signed mission order from HOT and KCCA at all times. This will support in-terms of security and clear communication to the community on whom one is and what activities as a data collector is working on in the area.

MapCampaigner (http://campaigns.hotosm.org/) was set up for Bwaise and Nakimiro after data model and division of AOI into tasks was created.


Field Mapping Nakamiro.png

Data model

It is proposed to start from Ramani Huria’s data model, as this shares similar objectives and has been field tested to yield useful data for Disaster Risk Management (DRM) that can be integrated effectively into OpenStreetMap. For instance, using mapped data, the Tanzania Red Cross National Society volunteers are able to assess risks in Kigogo ward. The data model will be converted into OpenDataKit/OpenMapKit forms for surveying in Bwaise.

Buildings

Key (OSM tag) values comment Use Upload to OSM
addr: parish <name of parish> Kawempe I, Kazo, Bwaise I, II, III Yes
addr: village <name of village> Mayinja, Kibe, Sebina, Kiggundu, Dobbi, Good Hope, Lugoba, Corner, Kazo Angola, Kisowera, Kalule, Ketifalawo, Kizza, Kirokole, Mbogo, Kankungulu, Sempa, Kiyindi, Industrial Area, Mukwaya, Bubajjune, Kiyaya, Lule, Nabisunsa, Kisenyi, Mukalazi, Mugowa, Tebuyoleka, Lufula, Jambula, Nakamilo, Nabukalu, Katale, Bukasa, Bugalani, St Francis, Katoogo, Kawala Road, Kalimali Yes
name <name if present> Building name if known and openly visible Yes
building apartment, dormitory, commercial, residential, warehouse, industrial, school, hospital, mosque, church, none, construction, multipurpose (for a building with more than one use), bathroom, toilets This is the usage of the building. Yes
building:levels <number of levels in the building(the ground floor is 1!)> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc Will be used in combination with the height to minimize error Yes
building:material brick, cement_block, concrete, glass, loam, metal, plaster, wood, mud Yes
roof:material roof_tiles, concrete, metal, wood, plastic, thatch, asbestos https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Key:roof:material Yes
building:condition good, average, poor, 1, 2, 3, https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Key:building:condition Yes
height <height of the building> in meters, your first best Will be used in combination with number of levels to minimize error Yes
roof:shape Flat, pitched Will be used to determine best evacuation spaces Yes
gutter Yes/no a shallow trough fixed beneath the edge of a roof for carrying off rainwater. Yes
roof:downpipe Yes/no A downspout, waterspout, downpipe, drain spout, roof drain pipe, leader is a pipe for carrying rainwater from a rain gutter. Downspouts are usually vertical and usually extend down to ground level. Yes

Drainage

Ditches

Key Value Comment Use Upload to OSM
waterway Ditch Ditches add to silt accumulation in the main drains.Ditches add to the silt on the bottom of the drains Yes
width [Number of meters wide] in centimeters Yes
depth [Number of meters deep] in centimeters Yes

Drains

Key Value Comment Use Upload to OSM
waterway Drain Drains are ubiquitous in Kampala. Challenges include placing drains correctly parallel to roads (GPS tracks tend to meander in and out of the roadway) and identifying various point features (vertical pipes/pools, connections, culverts, incoming building drains, blockages, etc.). Yes
covered Yes, no Uncovered drains have a higher risk of open dumping and being clogged Yes
covered:material concrete Concrete slab covering drain Yes
grating Metal grating or grill; can be seen through but not fallen through Yes
metal Solid metal covering Yes
width [Number of meters wide] If the profile is rectangular or boxed_rectangular Yes
depth [Number of meters deep] Yes
profile open_rectangular Volume / Capacity of the drain Yes
tabulated A drain profile with multiple angles; to measure the cross-sectional area several widths are necessary along with depth. Yes
trapezoid Yes
elliptical Yes

Blockage/Waste disposal

Key Value Comment Use Upload to OSM
amenity waste_disposal Point To be used as a proxiy for blockages in drains Yes
waste organic, plastic, mixed Point To be used as a proxiy for blockages in drains Yes
dump:official yes, no Yes

Drainage conditions

Key Value Comment Use Upload to OSM
Drainage Blockage To be used as a proxiy for likely flooding points incase of heavy downpour
waterway drain, ditch Point No
blockage:material Waste, silt, mixed Point No
blockage:level 30%, 50%, 75%, 100% Point No
Culvert These are critical points in a drainage network that can be a proxies for drainage blockges
tunnel culvert Point Yes
tunnel:material concrete tube, stone, wood Point Yes
tunnel:profile round, rectangular Yes
diameter
Bridge These are critical facilites that can be used to as proxicies for estimating risk especially if there is no other alternative route
bridge Yes Point Yes
bridge:material concrete, stone, wood Point Yes

Points of Interest (POI)

key value comment Use Upload to OSM
addr: parish <name of parish> Yes
addr: village <name of village> Provided by location Yes
amenity market_place, community_centre, court_house, pharmacy, parking, police,townhall, clinic, doctors, school, hospital, water_point, borehole Use of the facility Locating all critical POI to alleviate the immediate needs of the affected population. Helps to identify the possible gathering points during an emergency situation Yes
name <if present>
comment <ext field>

Flood extent

Points/ Boundary participatory mapping (Will focus on the places where the community identified as risk prone areas)

Key Value Comment Use Upload to OSM
flood_occurance yes,no Have you ever had a flood in this area where you live now? To identify areas that have been flooded previuously in the area No
flood_depth Finger width (0-2cm), Ankle deep (2-10cm), Mid shin deep (10-30cm), Keen deep (30-50cm), Waist deep_(60cm-1m), Chest deep (1-1.5m), Person height (1.5-2m), Over person height (2m+) How deep was the water? To provide a proxy of the estimated depth of previous floodings No
flood_cause yes,no Do you know what caused the flood? No
flood_causes_1 small size of channels, drainage blockage, illegal encroachment on channel reserves, other What do you think caused the flooding? To identify the perceived flood causes in the area No
flood_displacement yes,no Have you temporarily moved from your house because of flooding? A proxy of the severity of the floodings in the area No
flood_displacement_year year What year did you move from house because of the flooding To identify the relative periodicity of catastrophic floodings in the area No
flood_duration days (date - ranges) How long did the flooding last? Indentify areas with prolonged high volumes of staganant water No
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