JA:ウェブフロントエンド
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OSM のウェブ上のフロントエンドは API だけでなく、メッセージ、日記、友達など多くの機能を含んでいます。このページでは、これらが便利な場面をいくつか説明します。
ウェブのフロントエンドの論理は大部分がその実装に Rails の Ruby を使っており、「The Rails Port」に使うRails と同じものです。技術面の大観に関しては、component overview をご参照ください。ウェブのフロントエンド、設計その他 OSM のアーキテクチャの変更は、Improving OpenStreetMap にまとめがあります。
フロントページの地図
OpenStreetMap.org の地図は別称「The Map」と呼びます。
経路検索
経路検索は以前から、 OpenStreetMap のデータを利用して作られた他のウェブサイトで提供されてきましたが、2015年に OpenStreetMap のフロントページでも、外部サービスを呼び出すインタフェースとして導入されました。 Web front end/Routing を参照してください。
地物検索ツール
ツールとしての「地物検索」の導入は2014年です。ユーザーが地図をクリックすると、その地点に近い要素のタグ類を開くこともでき、ブログ投稿で詳しく述べています。実施する際は、Overpass API を呼び出します。詳細は query features tool をご参照
データレイヤー
このレイヤーはユーザーの皆さんが有効にできるデータのレイヤーで、クリックに反応するベクター地図の表示に加え、左のサイドパネルが表示されます。詳細はData layer をご参照ください。
データブラウザ
データレイヤーの「詳細」Details リンクを押すと、データブラウザのページ類が開いてURLの「閲覧」つまり https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/15262028 など、より単純な生データ表示に切り替わります。ノードやウェイ、リレーション単位でページがあり、地図上で当該のデータがある位置を明示し、左のパネルにはさまざまな情報を一覧にします。特にそれぞれの要素のタグ類を見せます。
現在のところこれらのデータブラウザのページはパフォーマンス上の理由から Google の索引機能を回避しており、もし有効にしたなら Google ランキング (地域の事業者／道路名の目録) を鷲掴みにできるかもしれません。
「履歴表示」のリンクから同様の表示ができるものの、要素のバージョン単位でしか見せません。これは要素の履歴をウィキ文型で示すもので、過去の編集をまとめて表示します。要素の閲覧表示のリンクから変更セットを表示したり、あるいはページ最上部の履歴ボタンを押す (地図のこの地域でどんな変更セットがあるか明示)
ユーザー日記
User diaries (at https://www.openstreetmap.org/diary ) can be used by mappers to keep track of their work. This serves two primary purposes:
- It helps the user to keep track of the changes and helps the user document his/her daily activities and data updates. This can be really helpful when there is an isolated user working at an under mapped locality.
- It helps other users to read each other's experiences, share expertise, and ask questions. It also helps the community members collaborate in a community project.
使用方法
Anyone with an OSM account can click the diary tab and make a new entry describing their activity. For formatting the diary supports "markdown". A diary entry can optionally include a location where the activity has been carried out.
Users can also browse through diary entries of other people using the given link.
ユーザーメッセージ
User messaging feature is built to serve the purpose of communication between the registered users of OSM. Users can send messages to other users through this feature. The messages remain private, so this is similar to sending a one-to-one email.
Messages are viewable on the website with an Inbox and Outbox list display, but they are also sent to the recipient as an email from the website (spam filters permitting). The sender's user name is presented to the recipient, and they are invited to reply via anther message on the website. The sender's email address is not revealed, as per Privacy Policy, so you would need to write this into the body of your message if you wanted to get in touch more directly.
Some tools such as JOSM can also notify you when you have unread messages, since this basic count is available via the API (API v0.6#Details of the logged-in user)
友達
You can make friends with each other (similar to facebook and many other sites these days) At the moment this doesn't do a lot, but the following features are available in relation to your set of friends:
- It does allow you to see the home location of your friends (if they've set it). These appear as blue markers on the map on your user profile page. If you have set your own home location then they will be able to see that. Other users may also be able to see your home location, but only if theirs is very nearby (the green markers). See Nearby users
- On your profile page you'll also see "friends changesets", and you can visit https://www.openstreetmap.org/history/friends to see a wider overview of this information about edits your friends have been making.
- On your profile page there's also a link to https://www.openstreetmap.org/diary/friends to see diary entries posted by your friends (a way of filtering down all the diaries)
権限とロール
There are currently two roles that a user may have in OSM:
- Administrator
- Users in this role are able to manage the roles of other users. There are a very small number of admins.
- Moderator
- Users in this role can create temporary blocks on other users, which prevent those other users from using the API. This is a feature to prevent vandalism.
There are currently no moderators, but this will be reviewed at the next Data working group meeting, along with any procedures which need to be put in place to monitor and regulate moderator activity.* This section is not true, at least as of 2015-09-21, at least one moderator was caught in the wild. ;-)
Administrators
Administrators can be distinguished by the yellow star to the right of their display name on their user page.
Moderators
Moderators are able to create temporary blocks, giving a textual reason for the block. These blocks are publicly visible, so that members of the community can discuss these issues and blocks in public. In addition to the message, blocks have another two features:
- Expiry time: the block is for a certain amount of time (currently max. 4 days). This is to give time for dialogue to take place and any damage to the map to be repaired.
- Require message read: the block is enforced until the user logs in via the web interface and views a message. This is to ensure that users are aware of any reason that their behaviour may be considered unsuitable.
Both features can be combined, expiring only when both conditions are met. Moderators can also revoke blocks, if they turn out not to be necessary any further.
Moderators are identified by the blue star to the right of their display name on their user page.
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