Proposal:Healthcare 2.0/Specialties

Specialties for the western medical system

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Meaning of the values for health_specialty:*=yes/main/additional/no/partial/trained:

yes: The specialty is practised in/by the object.

main: Same as yes, but the specialty is the main working field of the facility/person.

additional: Same as yes, but the specialty is not the main working field of the facility/person.

no: The specialty is not practised in/by the object.

partial: A limited subset of the specialty is practised in/by the object. This tag will help to specify, that the provided services are under the common expected standard in an area such as a country.

trained: The health person has got training in this specialty, but does not practice this specialty or provide any services in this specialty.

Physician's specialties

This are mainly specialities for physicians, and some for laboratories, but there are not restricted to these.

Main field specialties

Key	Value	Description	Picture
health_specialty:anatomy	yes/main/ additional/ no/partial/ trained	Anatomy. tries to understand the inner structure of living organisms
health_specialty:anaesthesiology		Anaesthesiology. blocking pain on surgeries, also by making the patient temporarily unresponsive
health_specialty:biochemistry		Biochemistry. studies chemical processes in living organisms
health_specialty:public_health		Public health/Community medicine/Community health/Social medicine. preventing diseases and make informed choices affecting the overall health of a community, based on population health analysis
health_specialty:dentistry		Dentistry/stomatology. treatment disorders of the teeth and inside the mouth
health_specialty:dermatology		Dermatology. treatment of skin disorders
health_specialty:disaster_medicine		Disaster medicine. disaster response and recovery medicine
health_specialty:ear_nose_throat		Otolaryngology/Otorhinolaryngology/ENT. treatment of ear, nose and throat
health_specialty:emergency_medicine		Emergency medicine/Traumatology. treatment of acute illnesses or injuries, which require immediate medical attention
health_specialty:environmental_medicine		Environmental medicine. studying the interactions between environment and human health, and the role of the environment in causing or mediating disease
health_specialty:family_medicine		Family medicine/General medicine. primary health care providing continuing, comprehensive care to individuals across all ages, sexes, diseases, and parts of the body
health_specialty:intensive_care_medicine		Intensive-care medicine. life support of patients who are critically ill
health_specialty:internal_medicine		Internal medicine. laboratory supported diagnosis and treatment, especially of undifferentiated or multi-system inside body diseases
health_specialty:medical_genetics		Medical genetics. diagnosis and management of hereditary disorders
health_specialty:medical_microbiology		Medical microbiology. study of medical important micro-organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites
health_specialty:neurology		Neurology. treatment of disorders of the nervous system
health_specialty:nuclear_medicine		Nuclear medicine. uses radionuclides for diagnosis and treatment of disease
health_specialty:occupational_medicine		Occupational medicine. health of people engaged in work or employment
health_specialty:ophthalmology		Ophthalmology. medicine and diseases of the eyes
health_specialty:optometry		Optometry. non-surgical treatment of diseases affecting vision
health_specialty:paediatrics		Paediatrics. medical care of infants, children, and adolescents
health_specialty:pain_medicine		Pain medicine/Algiatry. medicine of pain reduction
health_specialty:palliative_medicine		Palliative medicine. treatment that reduces the severity of disease symptoms, rather than cure, delay, or reverse progression the disease itself
health_specialty:pathology		Pathology. does detection, definition and categorization of diseases
health_specialty:pharmacology		Pharmacology. studies drug action in humans
health_specialty:physiatry		Physiatry/Physical medicine and rehabilitation medicine. aims to enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life to those with physical impairments or disabilities
health_specialty:physiology		Physiology. science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of organism in good health, their organs, and the cells of which they are composed
health_specialty:psychiatry		Psychiatry. study and treatment of mental disorders. This generic tag includes health_specialty:child_psychiatry=* and health_specialty:adult_psychiatry=*
health_specialty:radiology		Radiology. medical imaging or treatment of the interior of the human body using various forms of radiation
health_specialty:reproductive_medicine		Reproductive medicine. medical prevention, diagnosis and management of reproductive problems
health_specialty:sleep_medicine		Sleep medicine. diagnosis and therapy of sleep disturbances and disorders
health_specialty:sports_medicine		Sports medicine. treatment of injuries related to sport
health_specialty:surgery		Surgery. uses operative techniques on patients to investigate and/or treat disorders or injury
health_specialty:transfusion_medicine		Transfusion medicine/Transfusiology. is concerned with the transfusion of blood and blood components
health_specialty:unknown		This is a specialized health object, e.g. a hospital, but the specialty is not known.

Subspecialties

Key	Value	Common subspecialty of	Description	Picture
health_specialty:epidemiology	yes/main/ additional/ no/partial/ trained	public_health	Epidemiology. study of patterns of health and illness and associated factors at population level
health_specialty:social_medicine		public_health	Social medicine. seeks to understand how social and economic conditions impact health, disease and the practice of medicine
health_specialty:endodontics		dentistry	Endodontics. treatment of the dental pulp
health_specialty:oral_surgery		dentistry	Oral surgery. surgery of the mouth, teeth, gums, jaws; it does not include the whole head
health_specialty:orthodontics		dentistry	Orthodontics. therapy of improper bites
health_specialty:periodontology		dentistry	Periodontology. treatment of teeth supporting structures
health_specialty:prosthodontics		dentistry	Prosthodontics. prosthetic dentistry
health_specialty:audiology		ear_nose_throat	Audiology. treatment of hearing and balance disorders
health_specialty:phoniatrics		ear_nose_throat	Phoniatrics. treatment of organs involved with speech production
health_specialty:andrology		internal_medicine	Andrology. health of the male reproductive system
health_specialty:angiology		internal_medicine	Angiology/Vascular medicine. treatment of diseases of the circulatory system
health_specialty:cardiology		internal_medicine	Cardiology. deals with disorders of the heart
health_specialty:endocrinology		internal_medicine	Endocrinology. treatment of illnesses of the hormone secreting glands
health_specialty:gastroenterology		internal_medicine	Gastroenterology. treatment of the digestive system/gastrointestinal tract
health_specialty:geriatrics		internal_medicine	Geriatrics. supporting health of old adults
health_specialty:gynaecology		internal_medicine	Gynaecology. health of the female reproductive system
health_specialty:haematology		internal_medicine	Haematology. diagnosis and treatment of blood diseases
health_specialty:infectiology		internal_medicine	Infectiology/Infectious diseases. treatment of illnesses resulting from the presence of pathogenic biological agents
health_specialty:nephrology		internal_medicine	Nephrology. treatment of diseases of the kidney
health_specialty:oncology		internal_medicine	Oncology. treatment of tumours
health_specialty:pulmonology		internal_medicine	Pulmonology/Pneumology/Respiratory medicine. treatment of diseases of the respiratory system
health_specialty:rheumatology		internal_medicine	Rheumatology. treatment of diseases affecting the joints, muscles, and bones
health_specialty:immunology		medical_microbiology	Immunology. deals with malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders
health_specialty:aviation_medicine		occupational_medicine	Aviation medicine/Flight medicine/Aerospace medicine. treat or prevent conditions to which aircrews are particularly susceptible
health_specialty:neonatology		paediatrics	Neonatology. care of ill or premature newborn infants
health_specialty:paediatric_cardiology		paediatrics	Cardiology done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:paediatric_diabetology		paediatrics	Diabetology done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:paediatric_endocrinology		paediatrics	Endocrinology done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:paediatric_gastroenterology		paediatrics	Gastroenterology done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:paediatric_haematology		paediatrics	Haematology done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:paediatric_nephrology		paediatrics	Nephrology done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:paediatric_neurology		paediatrics	Neurology/Neuropaediatrics done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:paediatric_oncology		paediatrics	Oncology done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:paediatric_ophthalmology		paediatrics	Ophthalmology done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:paediatric_orthopaedics		paediatrics	Orthopaedics done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:paediatric_pulmonology		paediatrics	Pulmonology done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:paediatric_rheumatology		paediatrics	Rheumatology done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:paediatric_intensive_care_medicine		paediatrics	Intensive care done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:social_paediatrics		paediatrics	Social paediatrics whole-family and whole-community approach to child medical problems and prevention
health_specialty:clinical_pathology		pathology	Clinical pathology/Laboratory Medicine/Clinical analysis/Clinical Biology/Medical Biology diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids
health_specialty:forensic_pathology		pathology	Forensic pathology. determining the cause of death by doing an autopsy
health_specialty:neuropathology		pathology	Neuropathology. deals with the origin of diseases of the nervous system
health_specialty:toxicology		pathology	Toxicology. study of harmful or toxic effects of drugs
health_specialty:clinical_pharmacology		pharmacology	Clinical pharmacology. studies how clinical drugs affecting the human metabolism
health_specialty:addiction_medicine		psychiatry	Addiction medicine. treatment of addiction such as detoxification and rehabilitation
health_specialty:adult_psychiatry		psychiatry	Psychiatry. treatment of mental disorders in adults
health_specialty:child_psychiatry		psychiatry	Child and adolescent psychiatry. treatment of psychopathological disorders of children and adolescents
health_specialty:forensic_psychiatry		psychiatry	Forensic psychiatry. law enforcement supporting psychiatry
health_specialty:neuropsychiatry		psychiatry	Neuropsychiatry. diseases of the nervous system which cause metal disorders
health_specialty:psychosomatic_medicine		psychiatry	Psychosomatic medicine. studies the relationships of social, psychological and behavioural factors on body processes and well-being
health_specialty:diagnostic_radiology		radiology	Diagnostic radiology.creates medical images of the human body for clinical purposes e.g. diagnosis
health_specialty:neuroradiology		radiology	Neuroradiology. diagnosis and characterization of abnormalities of the central and peripheral nervous system
health_specialty:paediatric_radiology		radiology	Paediatric radiology. imaging of foetuses, infants, children, adolescents, and young adults
health_specialty:radiotherapy		radiology	Radiotherapy/Radiation therapy/Radiation oncology. use of ionising radiation for treating cancer
health_specialty:cardiothoracic_surgery		surgery	Cardiothoracic surgery. treatment of diseases affecting organs inside the thorax/chest
health_specialty:colorectal_surgery		surgery	Colorectal surgery/Proctology. surgery of the colon, rectum and anal canal
health_specialty:general_surgery		surgery	General Surgery/Abdominal surgery. surgery of abdominal organs, e.g. esophagus, intestine, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder
health_specialty:hand_surgery		surgery	Hand surgery. treatment of conditions and problems that may take place in the hand or upper extremity
health_specialty:maxillofacial_surgery		surgery	Oral and maxillofacial surgery. surgery of the head, neck, face
health_specialty:neurosurgery		surgery	Neurosurgery. treatment of disorders affecting nervous system
health_specialty:obstetrics		surgery	Obstetrics. care of women and their children during pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period
health_specialty:orthopaedics		surgery	Orthopaedic surgery. musculoskeletal system
health_specialty:paediatric_surgery		surgery	Paediatric surgery. surgery of foetuses, infants, children, adolescents and young adults
health_specialty:plastic_surgery		surgery	Plastic surgery. surgical correction or restoration of form and function of organs
health_specialty:podiatry	surgery	Podiatry. diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the foot, ankle, and lower leg
health_specialty:transplant_surgery	surgery	Transplant surgery. surgical transplant of organs
health_specialty:trauma_surgery	surgery	Trauma surgery. treatment of physical injuries caused by emergencies
health_specialty:urology	surgery	Urology. surgery of the urinary tract
health_specialty:vascular_surgery	surgery	Vascular surgery. surgery of the vascular system (arteries and veins)

Subsubspecialties

Key	Value	Common subspecialty of	Description	Picture
health_specialty:cardiovascular_surgery	yes/main/ additional/ no/partial/ trained	cardiothoracic_surgery	Cardiovascular surgery. surgery of the heart and the great vessels
health_specialty:thoracic_surgery		cardiothoracic_surgery	Thoracic_surgery. treatment organs inside the thorax, but without the heart
health_specialty:phlebotomy		vascular_surgery	Phlebotomy. process of making an incision in a vein, e.g. to draw blood
health_specialty:diabetology		endocrinology	Diabetology. clinical science of diabetes mellitus, its diagnosis, treatment and follow-up
health_specialty:hepatology		gastroenterology	Hepatology. treatment of disorders of the liver, gallbladder, biliary tree, and pancreas
health_specialty:allergology		immunology	Allergology. treatment of hypersensitive disorders of the immune system
health_specialty:tropical_medicine		infectiology	Tropical_medicine. treatment of health problems that occur uniquely, are more widespread, or prove more difficult to control in tropical and subtropical regions
health_specialty:venereology		infectiology	Venereology. treatment of sexually transmitted diseases
health_specialty:urogynaecology		urology	Urogynecology. treatment of urinary incontinence and female pelvic floor disorders

Specialties for therapists and the alternative medicine

Main field specialties

Key	Value	Description	Picture
health_specialty:alternative_medicine	yes/main/ additional/ no/partial/ trained	Alternative medicine. any healing practice that does not fall within the realm of conventional medicine in the affected medical system
health_specialty:manual_therapy		Manual therapy/manipulative therapy. physical intervention on the body through hands-on therapy
health_specialty:balneotherapy		Balneotherapy. treatment of disease by bathing, usually practiced at spas
health_specialty:belief_based_therapy		belief based therapy. therapies which mainly/only rely on belief, e.g. they are more like a religious procedure or belie e.g. in some form of higher energy
health_specialty:dietetics		Dietetics. dietary modification to address medical issues involving dietary intake
health_specialty:hydrotherapy		Hydrotherapy. using water for treating illnesses; in most cases the effects of temperature changes or steam e.g. as used in a sauna
health_specialty:mind_body_intervention		Mind-body intervention. methods to enhance the mind's capacity to affect bodily function and symptoms
health_specialty:music_therapy		Music therapy. interpersonal process in which a trained music therapist uses music and all of its facets—physical, emotional, mental, social, aesthetic, and spiritual—to help clients to improve or maintain their health
health_specialty:naturopathy		Naturopathy/Naturopathic medicine. focuses on the body's vitalistic ability to heal and maintain itself
health_specialty:occupational_therapy		Occupational therapy. promoting health and well being through occupation
health_specialty:physiotherapy		Physiotherapy/Physical therapy. attempted remediation to individuals to develop, maintain and restore maximum movement and functional ability
health_specialty:phytotherapy		Phytotherapy/Herbalism/herbology/herbal medicine/botanical medicine. medical use of plants and plant extracts
health_specialty:podology		Podology/medical foot care. preventive, non-physical treatment of the feet e.g. for diabetics
health_specialty:psychotherapy		Psychotherapy. intentional interpersonal relationship used by trained psychotherapists to aid a patient in problems of living
health_specialty:speech_therapy		Speech therapy/Speech and language therapy/Logopaedics. therapy of speech and language disorders
health_specialty:traditional_medicine		based on traditional medicine. treatments based on traditional medical systems

Subspecialties

Key	Value	Common subspecialty of	Description	Picture
health_specialty:homoeopathy	yes/main/ additional/ no/partial/ trained	belief_based_therapy	Homoeopathy. treatment with highly diluted preparations, which contain (nearly) pure water
health_specialty:reiki		belief_based_therapy	Reiki. religious influenced Japanese palm energy transfer therapy, not based on any long term experience
health_specialty:anthroposophical_medicine		belief_based_therapy	Anthroposophical_medicine. esoteric-spiritual medical system based on Rudolf Steiners own religion intermixed with homoeopathy
health_specialty:bach_flower_remedies		belief_based_therapy	Bach flower remedies. extremely diluted flower extracts which energies should considered a psychiatric medication replacement
health_specialty:chiropractic		manual_therapy	Chiropractic. treatment of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system, especially the spine, under the hypothesis that these disorders affect general health via the nervous system
health_specialty:massage_therapy		manual_therapy	Massage therapy. manipulation of superficial and deeper layers of muscle and connective tissue to enhance the function and promote relaxation and well-being. See also shop=massage
health_specialty:autogenic_training		mind_body_intervention	Autogenic training. is a relaxation technique based on auto-suggestion developed by the German psychiatrist Johannes Heinrich Schultz
health_specialty:meditation		mind_body_intervention	Meditation. practices in which the practitioner trains his or her mind or self-induces a mode of consciousness in order to realize some benefit
health_specialty:progressive_muscle_relaxation		mind_body_intervention	Progressive muscle relaxation/PMR. technique for reducing anxiety by alternately tensing and relaxing the muscles
health_specialty:yoga		mind_body_intervention	Yoga. system of physical/mental exercises, closely connected to Indian meditation practice
health_specialty:art_therapy		psychotherapy	Art therapy. uses any forms of visual art expression as help for expressing inner problems
health_specialty:behavioural_psychotherapy		psychotherapy	Behavioural psychotherapy. psychotherapy with uses on learning theory for behaviour modification
health_specialty:body_psychotherapy		psychotherapy	Body psychotherapy/body-oriented psychotherapy/somatic psychology. psychotherapy which works with the mind to improve body functions (e.g. uses techniques from mind_body_intervention)
health_specialty:cognitive_psychotherapy		psychotherapy	Cognitive psychotherapy. seeks to help the patient overcome difficulties by identifying and changing dysfunctional thinking and emotional responses
health_specialty:cognitive_behavioural_psychotherapy		psychotherapy	Cognitive behavioural psychotherapy. combines techniques from cognitive and behavioural psychotherapy
health_specialty:depth_psychology		psychotherapy	Depth psychology/Psychoanalysis/Analytical psychology. encourages the verbalization of all the patient's thoughts, including free associations, fantasies, and dreams, from which the analyst formulates the nature of the unconscious conflicts
health_specialty:systemic_psychotherapy		psychotherapy	Systemic Psychotherapy. dealing with the interactions of groups and their interactional patterns and dynamics
health_specialty:humanistic_psychotherapy		psychotherapy	Humanistic psychotherapy. looks on the whole human and their needs and not only on the depth or "unconscious" aspects
health_specialty:traditional_chinese_medicine		traditional_medicine	Tui na. traditional Chinese medicine
health_specialty:kampo		traditional_medicine	Kampo. traditional Japanese medicine which is based on TCM
health_specialty:unani		traditional_medicine	Unani. traditional greeko-islamic medical system
health_specialty:ayurveda		traditional_medicine	Ayurveda. one of the traditional Indian medical systems

Subsubspecialties

Key	Value	Common subspecialty of	Description	Picture
health_specialty:shiatsu	yes/main/ additional/ no/partial/ trained	kampo	Shiatsu. traditional Japanese manual/hands-on therapy
health_specialty:acupuncture		traditional_chinese_medicine	Acupuncture. traditional Taoistic treatment which inserts needles in the body to control the qi flow over certain distinct points
health_specialty:qi_gong		traditional_chinese_medicine	Qi Gong. describes various Chinese systems of physical and mental training for health, martial arts and self-enlightenment
health_specialty:tui_na		traditional_chinese_medicine	Tui na. traditional hands-on body treatment that uses Chinese taoist principles (also includes acupressure)