2023 Turkey Earthquakes
| General Information | ||||||||||||||||||||
The earthquake was followed by numerous aftershocks, including an unusually powerful Mww 7.5. More than 8,700 deaths have been reported in total; 6,234 were killed in Turkey and 2,470 in Syria. Figures in both countries are projected to rise dramatically, particularly those in Syria where relief efforts face severe problems. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Turkey and Syria Earthquake Response February 2023
For Aid Organizations
Map and Data Services
Exporting OpenStreetMap data
See Downloading data for instructions on getting large scale map data, or see the focused exports below:
- Regularly updated OpenStreetMap exports are available on Humanitarian Data eXchange (HDX):
- OSM layers for Turkey are updated daily
- OSM layers for Syria are updated daily
- A destroyed buildings dataset for Turkey is updated daily
- A custom export is available on the HOT Export Tool for Turkey and Syria.
Disaster openrouteservice
HeiGIT set up an instance of disaster openrouteservice in the impacted region. The disaster openrouteservice is able to calculate optimal routes in the affected region. This can be crucial for disaster management, especially taking into account roads that have recently been added or marked as damaged by participants of a mapping activation. The underlying OSM data is being updated every 10 minutes. For more information see this page.
About This Disaster Activation
About HOT
To learn more about the Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT), explore more of our wiki-pages (root: HOT) or our website hotosm.org. HOT is a global community, mostly of volunteers, and it is a US registered nonprofit able to contract with organizations (email info at hotosm.org to contact our staff), we are also a 501(c)(3) charitable organization.
History of this Activation
Reactivity of the OSM Community
February 6, 2023 - Following the event, Yer Çizenler have coordinated internally to discuss about potential activation. The data requests were made by members of national professsional work chambers and members of international organizations such as IFRC on completing the building and road data on the area for use in field activities.
HOT Activates to Support Local Team
February 6, 2023 - Activation leads have coordinated with Yer Çizenler team via HOT's communicaiton channels. Discussion revealed that the affected areas were densely populated and the regions were partially mapped. Disaster Services page updated to display all Tasking Manager areas of interest and project progress.
February 7, 2023 - Help.NGO creates a Tasking Manager project in Turkey. Linked to Yer Çizenler and HOT for coordination.
February 7, 2023 - HDX and HOT Export Page is update daily and hourly for Turkey and Syria (follow links to obtain OSM data from HDX).
Open Mapping Hub Asia Pacific Launch Syria Projects
February 9, 2023 - In close coordination with HOT and Yer Çizenler, Open Mapping Hub Asia Pacific create several projects in affected areas of northern Syria.
MapRoulette Projects created
February 9, 2023 - Yer Çizenler creates several MapRoulette projects in Turkey to import damaged buildings into OpenStreetMap.
Coordination
- Local Lead(s):
- Can Ünen (Activation Lead - TR, Tasking Manager PM)
- Orkut Murat Yılmaz (Tech)
- Oğuzhan Er (MapRoulette PM)
- Said Türksever (Community/Coordination, Map Products/Data Use)
- Batuhan Kavlak (Imagery Coordination)
- Olca Mutlu (Comms)
- Eray Öztürk, Eren Özdemir (Data Quality & Validation)
- HOT Support Team: Russell Deffner, Harry Mahardhika Machmud
Data Quality
All contributions across Turkey and Syria through HOT's Tasking Manager and MapRoulette have been tracked since day one with a unique changeset comment tag: #TürkiyeEQ060223. See the Missing Maps leaderboard for the all time stats for this tag.
Validation - Initially most projects were open to being validated (quality checked) by intermediate+ mappers (those with more than 250 changesets). Analysis of the first project to be fully validated indicated that this may have set the bar too low, with several data quality issues being detected during third pass validation (see below). On 10 February validation permissions for all projects were updated to be restricted to particular Tasking Manager Teams e.g.
- OSM Africa Validators
- HOT Global Validators
- Validator Trainees
- MSF Validators
- Validators - Doğrulayıcılar
- UN Mappers Topographic Validators
- YC Kaart Validators
- AMM Validators
- OSM Fiji Validators
- OSM Bangladesh Validators
- OSM Timor-Leste Validators
- HOT Indonesia Validator Team
- PH Validation Team
Third Pass Validation - Experienced validators will attempt to conduct 'third pass validation' on projects. This involves validating across an entire project area once a project is 100% mapped and validated. This can pick up and fix issues common to Tasking Manager projects caused by task edges - such as disconnected highways; highway classification changes from one task to the next; and un-mapped or duplicated buildings at task edges. Third pass validation also allows another chance to improve overall data quality and provide feedback to validators. See this YouTube Video to learn more about third pass validation. Issues picked up during third pass validation in this activation are being documented in this shared Google Doc.
- Third pass validation is complete on projects, 14219 and 14245, almost complete on project 14218 and ongoing on project 14311.
OSMCha - A specific OSMCha filter is being used to detect data quality issues across a wider area.
Data Quality Report Humanitarian OpenStreetMap team is using underpass to pull wide area stats and consolidate into this Google Sheets report. Please remember that this report may contain false positives. If you find one, kindly report in the #disaster-mapping channel on HOT's Slack.
Lesson Learned to Improve Validation Strategy
Set momentum
There is a great opportunity to maximize mapping support from volunteers in a short period of time for catastrophe activity. It can vary depending on the activity, but for this activation, we can select the first month as the momentum to focus on. Because the number of volunteers that help map or validate should decrease significantly after one month.
Open projects gradually based on the priority list
The reasoning for this is to make it easy for the validator volunteer to check on the ongoing mapping process. The project manager can then take immediate action if data quality is a concern. Whatever platform you use (Tasking Manager, MapRoulette, etc.), it should represent the priority list. It would be preferable to open 1-2 projects and analyze the ongoing work. People should be able to contribute to 1-2 projects at once more easily based on their skills.
Set mapping permissions
It is closely related to the previous point. Please consider setting task permissions for the appropriate contributor from the start when creating a new project. In terms of mapping difficulty, there are two sorts of projects: beginner and experienced. Beginners should be able to help in rural regions or where there are fewer objects to map. A skilled mapper should be able to add to a more complex location, such as a crowded city with several previously mapped things.
Please add your ideas here
For Mappers
- HOT Coordinator(s) requesting remote mapping assistance
How You Can Contribute
Learn to Map
- Most of our volunteer needs are for remote OSM contributors, visit LearnOSM.org to get started.
- Due to the large project areas, AI-assisted mapping is encouraged using RapiD Editor.
- Some validation and data import efforts might require familiarity with Maproulette and specific editing workflows. You can find a walkthrough on Building Damage - Turkey tasks available on YouTube.
Mapping Tips and Advice for this Activation
Read the Instructions!
- Every project includes instructions on the left-hand side of the page for selecting tasks to maps. Take the time to read these instructions. The time you spend reading them will be saved in more efficient validation down the line.
Task Selection
- The last few tasks in a project are often the most difficult. If they seem above your level, consider moving to a new project.
- Alternatively, if you are an advanced mapper, consider tackling the last few tasks to help complete the project.
Building and Road Basics
- Martien van de Griendt has two tutorials that are useful refreshers in mapping roads and buildings.
- Missing Maps also offers a number of tutorials and trainings for improving your mapping.
Tagging Roads with the RapiD Editor
- Please verify the tagging of roads when using the RapiD Editor. RapiD is defaulting to tagging all roads as "Residential" even when this is not the case.
- If you are unsure of what tag to use for roads in an area, you can ask in the #disaster-mapping channel on the HOTOSM Slack (also accessible via Matrix as #openmapping-humanitarian-activation-wg:matrix.org) or in the Questions and Comments section of the project.
- The simplest way to tag roads is as residential if they are in a town and unclassified if they are outside of a town.
Carrying Roads Over into Adjacent Tasks
- We have seen a lot of mappers not carrying their roads through onto the next task, and also the fragmenting roads by the mapping AI. This also means that when the status of the road is changed it does not carry through to other tasks. When you are mapping, please connect your roads to where they are mapped in the adjacent task. When you are validating a task please check the the roads are carrying through to the next task and also that the status is continued into the adjoining tasks.
Tall Buildings
- Many of the dense areas in this activation include tall buildings. Please watch this tutorial by Blake Girardot on mapping tall buildings in urban areas.
Keeping Adjacent Buildings Separate
- Freestanding buildings shouldn't share nodes with their neighbours. When it has happened accidentally, you can use the disconnect option ("D") to 'unglue' the nodes from each other (nodes that are shared are grey instead of white). To avoid it happening, hold down the ALT key while you are placing a node near another building - it will prevent nodes from snapping together.
Building Materials
- DO NOT USE - building:walls=brick. Consider using the more common key building:material=
- DO NOT USE - building:roof=tin. This key has been labeled as deprecated. The recommended replacement is: roof:material=*
Use of the Issues Tool, Finding Unsquared Corners
- Using the Issues tool on the right-hand side of the screen helps you to check your own and other mappers’ work before exiting the task. In the iD Editor, click the issues icon or type ‘i’ to open the menu. To find all unsquared buildings, change the value of "Unsquare Corners" to “up to 20°”.
Please see this page for additional tips
Mapping Priority
Please use Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team's Tasking Manager to look for and map projects. This filtered list contains all the active projects. Please choose from highest priority first.
Last update 09:52 AM UTC, June 1, 2023.
| Project number | Project name | Priority | Location | What to map | Imagery Source | Project Mapping Status | Project Validation Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14218 | M7.8 Earthquake Türkiye, Nurdagi - Part 1 | Archived | Türkiye, Adıyaman | Roads, Buildings | Maxar Premium | 100% Complete | 100% Complete |
| 14219 | M7.8 Earthquake Türkiye, Nurdagi - Part 2 | Archived | Türkiye, Gaziantep | Roads, Buildings | Maxar Premium | 100% Complete | 100% Complete |
| 14220 | M7.8 Earthquake Türkiye, Nurdagi - Part 3 | Medium | Türkiye, Kahramanmaraş | Roads, Buildings | Maxar Premium | 99% Complete | 33% In Progress |
| 14221 | M7.8 Earthquake Türkiye, Nurdagi - Part 4 | Medium | Türkiye, Malatya | Roads, Buildings | Maxar Premium | 100% Complete | 67% In Progress |
| 14225 | M7.5, 13:00 UTC - Ekinozu | Medium | Türkiye, Kahramanmaraş | Roads, Buildings | Maxar Premium | 100% Complete | 41% In Progress |
| 14226 | M7.8 Earthquake Türkiye - Gaziantep Response | Medium | Türkiye, Gaziantep | Roads, Buildings | Maxar Premium | 98% In progress | 73% In Progress |
| 14233 | M7.8 Earthquake Türkiye, Osmaniye Dörtyol İskenderun Kırıkhan | Archived | Türkiye, Osmaniye | Roads, Buildings | Maxar Premium | 100% Complete | 100% Complete |
| 14234 | M7.8 Earthquake Türkiye, Hatay Samandag | Medium | Türkiye, Hatay | Roads, Buildings | Maxar Premium | 100% In progress | 48% In Progress |
| 14235 | M7.8 Earthquake Türkiye, Sanliurfa | Archived | Türkiye, Şanlıurfa | Roads, Buildings | Maxar Premium | 100% Complete | 100% Complete |
| 14262 | M7.8 Earthquake Türkiye, Kahramanmaraş | Urgent | Türkiye, Kahramanmaraş | Roads, Buildings | Maxar Premium | 100% In progress | 100% In Progress |
| 14264 | M7.8 Earthquake Türkiye, Kilis | High | Türkiye, Kilis | Roads, Buildings | Maxar Premium | 99% In Progress | 65% In Progress |
| 14230 | Disaster Response - Earthquake Syria, Latakia District | High | Syria, Latakia District | Roads, Buildings | Maxar Premium | 97% In progress | 32% In Progress |
| 14232 | Disaster Response - Earthquake Syria, Aleppo, Mount Simeon District | High | Syria, Aleppo, Mount Simeon District | Roads, Buildings | Maxar Premium | 99% Complete | 51% In Progress |
| 14245 | Disaster Response - Earthquake Syria, Afrin District | Archived | Syria, Afrin District | Roads, Buildings | Maxar Premium | 100% Complete | 100% Complete |
| 14246 | Disaster Response - Earthquake Syria, Harem District | Medium | Syria, Harem District | Roads, Buildings | Maxar Premium | 99% In progress | 47% In Progress |
| 14311 | Missing Maps - Earthquake Syria, Idlib District (Rural) | Archived | Syria, Idlib District (Rural) | Roads, Buildings | Maxar Premium | 100% Complete | 100% Complete |
| (MapRoulette) Damaged Buildings - Afsin (archived) | N/A | Türkiye, Afşin | Damaged Buildings | Maxar Premium & Field Data | 100% Complete | ||
| (MapRoulette) Damaged Buildings - Islahiye (archived) | N/A | Türkiye, Islahiye | Damaged Buildings | Maxar Open Data | 100% Complete | ||
| (MapRoulette) Damaged Buildings - Nurdagi (archived) | N/A | Türkiye, Nurdağı | Damaged Buildings | Maxar Open Data | 100% Complete | ||
| 37609 | (MapRoulette) Building Damage - Turkey | N/A | Türkiye, Multiple locations | Damaged Buildings | Maxar Open Data, ITU-CSCRS | 100% Complete | |
| 37652 | (MapRoulette) Building Damage - Turkey | N/A | Türkiye, Multiple locations | Damaged Buildings | Copernicus - EMS | 100% Complete | |
| 37943 | (MapRoulette) Pharmacies - Turkey | N/A | Türkiye, Multiple locations | pharmacy | Maxar Premium & Field Data | 100% Complete | |
| 38223 | (MapRoulette) Bakeries and Pastry Shops - Turkey | N/A | Türkiye, Multiple locations | shop = bakery | Maxar Premium & Field Data | 100% Complete | |
| 38225 | (MapRoulette) Hospitals And Clinics - Turkey | N/A | Türkiye, Multiple locations | amenity/healthcare = Clinic | Maxar Premium & Field Data | 100% Complete | |
| 38279 | (MapRoulette) Supermarkets and Groceries - Turkey | N/A | Türkiye, Multiple locations | shop = supermarket | Maxar Premium & Field Data | 24% In progress | |
| 38453 | (MapRoulette) Banks - Turkey | N/A | Türkiye, Multiple locations | amenity = bank | Maxar Premium & Field Data | 78% In progress |
Available Imagery
OSM Default Imagery Sources
Maxar
Maxar Premium is generally available, minus a few cloudy spots, and is quite recent; use this as the general go-to imagery.
Bing
Bing provides a global imagery data source that is the 'default' Imagery available for OSM (default option in most editors). Use this where MAXAR is cloudy.
Alternative Imagery Sources
MAXAR Open Data Program
MAXAR has shared the pre and post event imagery through its Open Data Program for a limited area. Image tiles are made available via OpenAerialMap.
Planet Analytic Imagery
Planet has shared post event imagery under CC BY-NC 4.0 license for some areas. Image tiles are made available via OpenAerialMap.
Istanbul Technical University, Implementation and Research Center for Satellite Communications and Remote Sensing have provided access credentials to HOT and the local lead Yer Çizenler. The web services include high resolution post-event imagery for major settlemhost the ents in Türkiye, as well as raster layers on collapsed buildings identified from the imagery. The data imported in the MapRoulette tasks have mainly been digitized from these services.
Drone Imagery
Some UAV operators have uploaded their drone imagery to OpenAerialMap.
From 14 February onwards Help.NGO uploaded high resolution drone imagery collected from 9 February onwards onto OpenAerialMap. See Matthew Cua's OAM profile for a list of available imagery.
Yer Çizenler uploaded 11cm imagery collected by Havadan Harita from 14 February onto OpenAerialMap. See this image of Osmaniye Merkez.
How to add/use Alternative Imagery
In many cases better imagery is available than the default; when possible we set up a remote link directly via the Tasking Manager, so there is nothing to do, the iD editor and (as long as enabled) JOSM will automatically add the imagery.
If you want to use the post-event imagery available via OpenAerialMap, you can use the mosaic service provided by Kontur. Details to incorporate the mosaic in OSM editing can be found here.
Additionally, with JOSM, it's relatively easy to add special imagery if the license is appropriate for tracing into OSM. For more details see JOSM Imagery Help
MapRoulette Projects
Destroyed Buildings Derived from Custom Imagery
Rationale:
- Due to the emergency situation in Turkey, imagery showing collapsed buildings was donated to HOT with private access.
- Traditional editors could not use the imagery provided (CRS-related incompatibility on iD), so more robust GIS systems (ArcGIS or QGIS) were used for manual digitizing.
Workflow:
- GIS proficient mapper digitized features using custom imagery (see below for license/terms of use information)
- Digitized features were then loaded into MapRoulette for conflation into OpenStreetMap
- Crowd-sourced mappers to conflate data quickly, geometries still created using existing imagery (Maxar Premium, Bing etc.), or existing building geometries kept.
- Data includes:
*destroyed:building=yes *damage:date=2023-02-06 *damage:event=#TurkiyeEQ2023 *fixme=resurvey after recovery *source=cscrs
- Changesets can be tracked by MapRoulette project number and #TurkiyeEQ2023 or source tag
License/Terms of Use: Imagery: ITU-UHUZAM (ITU-CSCRS) - Private access credentials granted for HOTOSM See https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qoVX5BVddydIbgs2ZPxSKlGXbMxvEUH1doliX4Hjsi4/edit?usp=sharing for explicit permission letter
SafeGraph Points of Interest
Turkish pharmacies, banks, bakeries, hospitals & clinics, supermarkets & groceries and banks loaded into MapRoulette for conflation into OpenStreetMap. SafeGraph opened its proprietary dataset to Yer Çizenler for these purposes (more info in blog post). See this page for more information on SafeGraph's data collection methods.
- Example Instructions:
- If the bank is not already on the map, please add a point object at the corresponding location of your task.
- If you cannot see any satellite imagery, please go to background settings and use another imagery source. Maxar Premium is suggested.
- Select and copy the below tags into the Tags text box at the lower parts of the left panel if you're using iD Editor. Delete the phone nmber tag if it's empty.
- If the bank is already added to the map, please update the missing information above, keep extra tags intact. In case of duplication, assume this dataset to be more up-to-date.
- The address information is not provided in a standard format. It is added as a note instead of address tags. If you are able to identify and apply proper address tagging, please feel free to do so.
- Save and upload your edits and select a new challenge. Please only edit the point/area specified by your task. Neighboring map objects might be subject of another task.
- Example Data includes (for banks, other POIs follow same pattern):
- amenity=bank
- name=LOCATION_NAME
- phone=+PHONE_NUMBER
- addr:district=REGION
- note=STREET_ADDRESS
- source=SafeGraph
- check_date=2023-02-07
- fixme=resurvey after recovery
- Changesets can be tracked by MapRoulette project number and #TurkiyeEQ2023 or source tag
Examples of Data Use
- OSM Diary: Is what I am doing really helping anybody in a disaster situation? (English) (Spanish)
- OSM data used to support rescue coordination in Turkey by AKUT Search and Rescue Association and AFAD - (see Tweet).
- A collation of maps that use OSM data found through ReliefWeb, MSF Geo Centre etc (OSM diary)
- Surgeon Dr. Çevik shared a YouTube message on how Organic Maps and the OSM data that feeds it were essential for him and his colleagues to get to the people that needed medical attention and save lives in the Hattay region.
- Dr. Mehmet Faruk Uçum shared a YouTube message on how OSM data were used to support public health programming in the Kahramanmaraş tent city, where people are living after being displaced by the earthquakes. OSM map data were subsequently used by local authorities to support planning and infrastructure.
- The World Bank used OSM as an input for infrastructure modeling to give context to satellite-detected damage in Turkey in their report: Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE).
- MSF using Heigit's openrouteservice to log 'avoid areas' and calculate routes in earthquake affected territory. Openrouteservice uses OpenStreetMap as a primary dataset.
Community Mapathons
| Date | Time | Lead Community | Country | Location/ Meeting Link/ Registration Link | Type | Status | Notes | Social Media Post |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-03-03 | 15:30 - 17:30 WIB | Perkumpulan OpenStreetMap Indonesia (POI) | Indonesia | Registration Link | Remote | DONE | InstagramTwitter | |
| 2023-02-25 | 2:00-4:00pm UTC | OSM Africa | Worldwide | Registration Link | Remote | DONE | Link | |
| 2023-02-24 onwards | 13:30-14:30 GMT | Solidarity Mapathons for Syria and Turkey | Asia Region | Meeting Link | Remote | Ongoing | More information | |
| 2023-02-23 | 1:00-4:00pm PST | UPRI YouthMappers | Philipines | Meeting Link | In-person | DONE | Link | |
| 2023-02-20 onwards | 20:00-21:00 NPT | OSM Nepal | Nepal | Meeting Link | Remote | Ongoing | Continuous daily online mapathon | Link |
| 2023-02-23 | 15-18:00 CET | Interfaculty Department of Geoinformatics - ZGIS | Austria | Meeting Link | Remote/ In-Person | DONE | ||
| 2023-02-21 | 18:00-21:00 GMT | Missing Maps London | UK | Eventbrite Link | Remote | DONE | ||
| 2023-02-19 | 1:00-4:00pm NPT | OSM Nepal | Nepal | In-Person | DONE | Link | ||
| 2023-02-18 | 9:00-13:00 EAT | Kenya Red Cross Society | Kenya | In-person | DONE | Link | ||
| 2023-02-18 | 13:00-16:00 PHT | Filipino YouthMapper Community | Philippines | Registration Link | Remote/ In-Person | DONE | ||
| 2023-02-17 | 15:00-17:00 CET | UN Mappers | Registration Link | Remote | DONE | Link | ||
| 2023-02-17 | 19:00-21:00 JST | Youthmappers AGU | Japan | Registration Link | Remote | DONE | Link | |
| 2023-02-16 | UP Resilience Institute Youth Mappers | Philippines | In-Person | DONE | Link | |||
| 2023-02-14 | SpaceTime UMS | In-person | DONE | |||||
| 2023-02-10 | 16:00-19:00 PST | UP Resilience Institute Youth Mappers | Philippines | Remote | DONE | Link | ||
| 2023-02-10 | 15:00-17:00 CET | UN Mappers | Registration Link | Remote | DONE | |||
| 2023-02-10 | 10:00-12:00 EAT | Openstreetmap Uganda - MapUganda | Uganda | In-Person | DONE | Link | ||
| 2023-02-10 | 12:00-14:00 CET | HOT-AP & Missing Maps | Registration Link | Remote | DONE | |||
| 2023-02-10 | 16:00-18:00 NPT | MapBuds | Nepal | Registration Link | Remote | DONE | ||
| 2023-02-10 | 15:30 CET | CEU’s Environmental Systems Laboratory (Syslab) and GeoHub | Registration Link | Remote | DONE | |||
| 2023-03-08 | 13:00 PST | UP Tacloban YouthMappers | Philippines | In-Person | DONE | More information | ||
| 2023-03-21 | 18:00 - 21:00 UTC | Missing Maps London Mid-Month | UK | Registration Link | Remote | DONE | Worked on MapRoulette banks and supermarkets projects |
See also
- 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes (English)
- 2023 Gaziantep-Kahramanmaraş depremleri (Turkish)
- OSM Diary: Is what I am doing really helping anybody in a disaster situation? (English) (Spanish)
- OSM diary: OSM data in action: earthquake response
- Getting Started - Türkiye Syrian Earthquake and OSM