FR:Cartographie des camps de réfugiés
Introduction
Utiliser OpenStreetMap comme une base de données commune pour la cartographie des camps offre beaucoup d'avantages.
En utilisant OSM, les acteurs humanitaires bénéficient d'outils et technologies low tech déjà disponibles. OSM facilite la dissémination de l'information. OSM permet également la décentralisation de la mise à jour des données puisque l'ensemble des acteurs et agences n'ont désormais plus chacun besoin d'experts techniques pour collecter, maintenir et vérifier leurs données.
De plus, OSM peut être utilisé pour mettre en application un référentiel commun au sein d'un camp. Dans le contexte de Zaatari, la multiplicité des acteurs travaillant sur des systèmes déconnectés avait mené à l'irruption simultanée de 2 systèmes d'adressage parallèles (par exemple entre l'organisation en charge de la planification du site et celle en charge de l'approvisionnement en eau) et par conséquent limité le potentiel d'analyse comparative.
Pour la collecte de données initiale, REACH a utilisé OpenDataKit http://opendatakit.org/. Les tags furent sélectionnés parmi les Humanitarian OSM Tags/HDM preset. Là où les tags préexistants ne suffisaient pas, de nouveaux tags ont été créés. Les tags actuellement utilisés sont présentés et décrits ci-dessous.
Camps de réfugiés en Jordanie
En Jordanie, les camps de réfugiés sont conçus et planifiés par une équipe dédiée. Les géomètres utilisent le système de référence "Palestine 1923 / Israeli CS Grid" [1] pour dessiner le schéma directeur du camp dans Autocad.
Le bureau du UNHCR en Jordanie a importé le premier jeu de données pour le camp de Zaatari le 25 juin 2013 [2]. Il a ensuite contracté REACH[3] pour approfondir la cartographie des équipements au sein du camp de réfugiés de Za'atari.
En avril 2014, la carte du camp d'Azraq a été ajoutée à son tour à OSM.
Les données des 2 camps peuvent être contrôlées à travers les liens suivants:
Camps de réfugiés en République démocratique du Congo
Contribuer et éditer la carte
Editing the map requires an account to create an account in OSM: https://www.openstreetmap.org/user/new? (for better monitoring of the edits, we suggest to include the name of your organization within your user name).
Then just go to the "edit" tab in the OpenStreetMap page https://www.openstreetmap.org/edit and start contributing. You add or edit tags: http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Beginners_Guide_1.4.1 or create new objects: http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Beginners_Guide_1.3
A very good introduction can also be gfound here: http://en.flossmanuals.net/openstreetmap/editing-with-josm/
Offline map edition can also be done with JOSM: . Specific preset for tcamp mapping are available in Github: https://github.com/unhcr/presets. The presets have been organized to match sectors terminology as known by humanitarian workers.
Note that a specific preset has been designed to be used with Vespucci, (https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.blau.android), the Android Offline OpenStreetmap editor: https://github.com/unhcr/presets/blob/master/HDM-camp-vespucci.xml
Utiliser l'imagerie pour cartographier les camps
Consulte ce guide disponible en ligne (en anglais): Satellite Imagery Interpretation Guide: Displaced Population Camps: http://hhi.harvard.edu/publications/satellite-imagery-interpretation-guide-displaced-population-camps
Tags
Note that addr:postcode is used to register the Addressing systems as used in UNHCR registration database. This will facilitate export and join with aggregated refugee profile information.
Administrative levels within the camp are recorded at 2 levels:
For level 1 (Camp sectors or modules)
<key key="place" value="suburb"/>
<key key="admin_level" value="8"/>
<key key="boundary" value="administrative"/>
<key key="refugee" value="yes"/>
For level 2 (Camp blocks or communities)
<key key="place" value="neighbourhood"/>
<key key="admin_level" value="9"/>
<key key="boundary" value="administrative"/>
<key key="refugee" value="yes"/>
Tags habituels
These tags can by used freely to all camp facilities. It dosen't mean that each facility need all of them, but each tag can be used with every type of facility .
| Nom | Clé | Valeur | Description | Hyperlien |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Local name | loc_name | User Defined | Local name of the shop/service/facility | Key:name |
| International name | int_name | User Defined | International name of the facility | Key:name |
| English name | name:en | User Defined | The name of the facility given in English | Key:name |
| Owner | owner | User Defined | Name of the owner or donor | Key:owner |
| Operator | operator | User Defined | Name of the operator or person/instition/subject that is responsible for maintain it | Key:operator |
| Type of operator | operator:type | public, private, government, religious, ngo, community | Type of operator | key:operator:type |
| Camp facility type | See below | See below | Different camp facilities |
Equipements
Below are the common facilities available in Za'atari Refugee Camp. Within these facilities are a wide range of services available to the residents of Za'atari refugee Camp.
See other tables below for more specific description of each facility.
| Nom | Tag | Description | Hyperlien |
|---|---|---|---|
| Toilet/latrine | amenity=toilets | For more specific description see below for Toilets | Tag:amenity=toilets |
| Water point | amenity=water_point | Independet water point where you can get large amount of drinking water | Tag:amenity=water_point |
| WASH centre | amenity=washcenter | A solid communal structure to collect water, wash hands and use toilet. Somtimes also there is a shower | Tag:amenity=washcenter |
| Kitchen | amenity=kitchen | A solid communal structure where to cook | Tag:amenity=kitchen |
| Bin | amenity=waste_basket | Key:bin | |
| Lamp posts/Street lamps | highway=street_lamp | A street light, lamppost, street lamp, light standard, or lamp standard is a raised source of light on the edge of a road, which is turned on or lit at a certain time every night. | Tag:highway=street_lamp |
| Amenity | amenity=* | See below for common Za'atari shops and services to find values | Key:amenity |
| Shop | shop=* | See below for common Za'atari shops and services to find values | Key:shop |
| Craft | craft=* | See below for common Za'atari shops and services to find valuess | Key:craft |
| Restaurant | amenity=restaurant | Tag:amenity=restaurant | |
| Clinic | amenity=clinic | Tag:amenity=clinic | |
| Mosque | amenity=place_of_worship religion=muslim | See below for Mosque to find more attributes | Tag:amenity=place_of_worship |
| Distribution centre | amenity=social_facility; social_facility=distribution | Key:social_facility |
Equipements en lien avec la jeunesse et l'enseignement
| Nom | Tag | Description | Hyperlien |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ecole | amenity=school | Tag:amenity=school | |
| Espace adapté aux enfants | amenity=social_facility; social_facility=outreach | Un espace sûr et convivial pour que les enfants y jouent | Key:social_facility |
| Terrain de jeu | landuse=recreation_ground | Tag:landuse=recreation_ground | |
| Aire de jeu | leisure=playground | Tag:leisure=playground | |
| Centre communautaire | amenity=community_centre | Une installation publique principalement utilisée par les associations locales pour l'organisation d'événements et festivités | Tag:amenity=community_centre
|
Eau et hygiène ("WASH")
Toilettes et latrines
| Nom | Key | Value | Description | Hyperlien |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Toilettes | amenity | toilets | The location of a toilet open to the public | Tag:amenity=toilets |
| Latrine | toilets:disposal | pitlatrine | Toilet is a latrine, a receptacle (as a pit in the earth) for use as a toilet. Use with amenity=toilets | Tag:amenity=toilets |
| Latrine type | movable | yes/no | If the latrine is movable or permanent | Proposed_features/Attributes#movable.3Dyes.2Fno |
| Female, male | female,male | yes/no | female=yes when access is ONLY for female, male=yes when access is ONLY for male | Tag:amenity=toilets |
| Access to toilet | access | public, private, multifamily | If the toilet is public and open to whoever walks up or it is private | Key:access |
| Condition of facility | damage_status | intact, minor, medium, heavy, completely | How well the facility is functioning | taginfo: [http://taginfo.openstreetmap.org/keys/damage_status |
Fosse septique
| Nom | Tag | Description | Hyperlien |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fosse septique | man_made=septic_tank | Septic tanks can be used as a separete item or in a Relation  with a amenity=toilets with toilets:disposal=pitlatrine if the latrine has septic tank |
Tag:man made=septic tank |
Eau potable
| Nom | Clé | Valeur | Description | Hyperlien |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Facility type | amenity | drinking_water | Place to get "drinking water" in smaller amounts for personal usage | Tag:amenity=drinking_water |
Points d'eau
| Nom | Clé | Valeur | Description | Hyperlien |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Facility type | amenity | water_point | Independet water point where you can get large amount of drinking water form water tanks | Tag:amenity=water_point |
| Water tank size | water_tank:size | two_cubic_metres, oxfam_water_point | Type of water point | Key:water_tank |
| Water tank location | water_tank:location | displaced | Use it with amenity=water_point for indicate taht water tank is not where it should be | Key:water_tank |
| Water tank amount | water_tank:quantity | Number | Amount of water tanks assigned to that water point | Key:water_tank |
| Condition of facility | damage_status | intact, minor, medium, heavy, completely | How well the facility is functioning | taginfo: [4] |
Centres WASH
| Nom | Clé | Valeur | Description | Hyperlien |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Facility type | amenity | wash_centre | A solid communal structure to collect water, wash hands and use toilet. Somtimes also there is a shower | Tag:amenity=wash_center |
| Local name | loc_name | User Defined (text) | Name of the WASH Centre | Key:name |
| Male WASH Centre | male | yes/no | Male WASH Centre | Key:male |
| Female WASH Centre | female | yes/no | Female WASH Centre | Key:female |
| Outside lighting | lit | yes/no | Is there outside lighting | Key:lit |
| Condition of facility | damage_status | intact, minor, medium, heavy, completely | How well the facility is functioning | taginfo: [5] |
| Facility is disused | disused | yes/no | Facility is disused |
Cuisines
| Nom | Clé | Valeur | Description | Hyperlien |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Facility type | amenity | kitchen | Kitchen facility for the community | Tag:amenity=kitchen |
| Operator | operator | nobody, street_leader_volunteers | Who is responsible to upkeep kitchen | Key:operator |
| Condition of facility | damage_status | intact, minor_damage, mediumr_damage, heavyr_damage, completelyr_damage | How well the facility is functioning | Taginfo[6] |
| Bin present | bin | yes/no | Does the Kitchen contain a bin for Kitchen Waste | Key:bin |
| Waste collection | collection:waste | daily, every_2_3_days, every_3_7_days, more_than_week, never | How often does the bin get emptied | Key:collection:waste |
| Gas cylinders | appilance | gas_cylinder | Did the kitchens has gas cylinders present | Key:appilance |
| Gas cylinder amount | gas_cylinder:quantity | Number | How many gas cylinders are present | |
| Non functional cooker | cooker:nonfuncional | Number | Amount of cooker that are non functional at the time of assessment. Use with appilance=cooker | |
| Functional cooker | cooker:funcional | Number | Amount of cooker that are functional at the time of assessment. Use with appilance=cooker | |
| Access to kitchen | capacity | Number | How many people use this kitchen | Key:capacity |
| Residential status | squatted | yes/no | Are people living in the kitchen | Key:squatted |
| Tank amount | water_tank:quantity | Number | Amount of water tanks assigned to that kitchen | Tag:water_tank:quantity=* |
Poubelles
| Nom | Clé | Valeur | Description | Hyperlien |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Facility Type | amenity | waste_basket | Bin | Tag:amenity=waste_basket |
| Waste Type | waste | trash | subkey for amenity=waste_basket | Key:waste |
Lampes
| Nom | Tag | Description | Hyperlien |
|---|---|---|---|
| Facility Type | highway=street_lamp | Lamp Post/Street Lighting | Tag:highway=street_lamp |
| Lit | lit=yes/no | Is the lamp post lit | Key:lit |
Commerces et services
These tags can by used freely to all Shops and Services facilities in camp. It dosen't mean that each facility need all of them, but each tag can be used with every type of facility .
| Nom | Clé | Valeur | Description | Hyperlien |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Facility type | shop,amenity,craft | See below for common Za'atari shops and services | Shop, craft, business | |
| Obtain good | goods_supply | outside_camp, inside_camp | Where the owner gets their goods/produce from | Key:goods_supply |
| Waste disposal methods | waste:disposal | bin, septic_tank, backside, on_the_street | How the waste is dispose of | Key:waste:disposal |
| Access to water | drinking_water | yes/no | Does the facility have access to water | Key:drinking_water |
| Source of water | water_supply | bottled_water, paying_water_truckers, external_private_supplier | Source of drikning water supply | Taginfo:[7] |
| Tank amount | water_tank:quantity | Number | Amount of water tanks assigned to that facility | Tag:water_tank:quantity=* |
| Appliance | appliance | small_refidgerator, big_refidgerator, deep_freezer, rotisserie, oven, water_filters, boilers, welding_machines, television, computer, other | What type of appliances has facility | Key:appliance |
| License regulation | license:unhcr | yes/no | Need licensed regulated | Key:license:unhcr |
Types de commerces, services, artisans
| Nom | Tag | Description | Hyperlien |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electricien | craft=electrician | tag:craft=electrician | |
| Forgeron | craft=blacksmith | Un lieu où l'on travaille les métaux | Tag:craft=blacksmith |
| Tailleur | craft=tailor | Un lieu où l'on crée et/ou répare des vêtements | Tag:craft=tailor |
| Boulanger | shop=bakery | Tag:shop=bakery | |
| Marchand de fruits et légumes | shop=greengrocer | Un lieu de vente de fruits et légumes | Tag:shop=greengrocer |
| Salon de beauté | shop=beauty | A shop which provided beauty treatments and hairdressing | Tag:shop=beauty |
| Magasin de vêtements | shop=clothes | Un lieu de vente de vêtements | Tag:shop=clothes |
| Magasin de téléphonie | shop=mobile_phone | A shop which sells mobile phone and mobile phone services | Tag:shop=mobile_phone |
| Fromagerie | shop=cheese | Un magasin vendant du fromage | Tag:shop=cheese |
| Bureau de change | amenity=bureau_de_change | Service of exchanging money | Tag:amenity=bureau_de_change |
| Filtration d'eau | amenity=water_service | Service of filtering water | Tag:amenity=water_service |
| Magasin de yaourt | shop=dairy_products | A shop which sells yogurt and/or other dairy products | Tag:shop=dairy_products |
| Magasin d'informatique | shop=computer | A shop which sells computers and provides computer based services | Tag:shop=computer |
| Bed Shop | shop=bed | A shop which sells, beds, mattresses and blankets and tents | Tag:shop=bed |
| Confiserie | shop=confectionery | A shop that is specialised in selling sweets (candy) or even producing them | Tag:shop=confectionery |
| Kiosque | shop=kiosk | A Kiosk is a little shop selling cigarettes, newspapers, sweets, snacks and beverages. | Tag:shop=kiosk |
| Boucher | shop=butcher | A shop primarily selling meat or meat products. | Tag:shop=butcher |
| Supérette | shop=convenience | A small local shop carrying a small subset of the items you would find in a supermarket to household items | Tag:shop=convenience |
| DIY Store | shop=doityourself | A shop selling basic home equipment such as and tools, power tools, self-assembly furniture, decorating products, bathroom and kitchen furniture and fittings, garden furniture, electrical goods, fencing, flooring, and more. | Tag:shop=doityourself |
| Dry Goods Shop | shop=food | A shop selling cereal, flour, coffee and other food that is solid and dry. | Tag:shop=food |
| Magasin de chaussures | shop=shoes | A shop which sells shoes | Tag:shop=shoes |
| Appliance Store | shop=appliance | A shop selling large electrical items (aka white goods) such as washing machines, fridges, cookers, ovens, fans etc. May also include smaller items such as rice cookers, blenders, toasters and/or entertainment electronics such as televisions and stereo systems. | Proposed features/Appliance Store |
| Vacant Shop | shop=vacant | A shop that is vacant | Tag:shop=vacant |
| Fuel Shop | shop=gas | A shop that sells gasoline and gas canisters | Tag:shop=gas |
Catégories de commerce
These tags can be added as additional information for specific type of shop.
| Nom | Clé | Valeur | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cloths shop | clothes | Key:clothes | May be used in combination with shop=clothes to give further information on the kind of clothes sold. You can use several values, separated by semicolons, if the shop sells different kinds of clothes. |
| Second hand | second_hand | yes, only | For Shop that sell special kind of product use "yes" if it sell new and 2nd hand or "only" if it sell only 2nd hand. |
Restaurants
| Nom | Tag | Valeur | Description | Hyperlien |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Restaurant | amenity | restaurant | generally formal place with sit-down facilities selling full meals | Tag:amenity=restaurant |
| Warm meals | restaurant:warm_meals | yes/no | Is it served cooked on premises hot food | Key:warm_meals |
| Handwashing | restaurant:handwashing | yes/no | If there are handwashing bucket taps | Taginfo: [8] |
| Toilets distance | toilet:distance_meter | number | ||
| Waste Disposal Methods | waste:disposal | bin, septic_tank, backside, street | How the waste is dispose of | Key:waste:disposal |
| Access to water | water_access:paid | yes/no | If the restaurant owner pay for access to water | |
| Source of Water | water_supply | bottled_water, paying_water_truckers, external_private_supplier | Source of drikning water supply | Taginfo:[9] |
| Tank amount | water_tank:quantity | Number | Amount of water tanks assigned to that facility | Tag:water_tank:quantity=* |
| Appliance | appliance | small_refidgerator, big_refidgerator, deep_freezer, rotisserie, oven, water_filters, boilers, welding_machines, television, computer, other | What type of appliances has facility | Key:applicane |
| License regulation | license:unhcr | yes/no | Need licensed regulated | Key:license:unhcr |
Types de cafés et fastfoods
| Nom | Tag | Description | Hyperlien |
|---|---|---|---|
| Falafel | amenity=fastfood, cuisine=falafel | Falafel food stand | Tag:amenity=fast_food Key:cuisine |
| Cafe | amenity=cafe | Coffee Shop, Cafe | Tag:amenity=cafe |
Mosquées
| Nom | Clé | Valeur | Description | Hyperlien |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amenity Type | amenity | place_of_worship | In combination with 'religion=muslim' signify mosque | Tag:amenity=place_of_worship |
| Religion | religion | muslim | key:religion | |
| Local Name | loc_name | User Defined (text) | Local name | Key:name |
| International Name | int_name | User Defined (text) | Name in English | Key:name |
| Mosque type | mosque:type | masjid, mussalla | Type of mosque | Key:mosque:type |
| Material | building:material | caravan, tent, large_tent, pre_fabricated_structure | From what material is made building | key:building:material |
| Capacity | capacity | User Defined (number) | How many people can pray | key:capacity |
| Male mosque | male | yes, no | If only male can pray in this mosque (yes), or not only male (no) | Key:male |
| Waste Disposal Methods | waste:disposal | bin, septic_tank, backside, street | How the waste is dispose of | Key:waste:disposal |
| Source of Water | water_supply | bottled_water, paying_water_truckers, external_private_supplier | Source of drikning water supply | Taginfo:[10] |
| Tank amount | water_tank:quantity | Number | Amount of water tanks assigned to that facility | Tag:water_tank:quantity=* |