Zh-hans:Relation:route

一条 路线 (route) 是指一条常用的通行线路或旅行线路, 一般是被确定并被公布出来的. 路线由人和车辆反复通行所经过的路径所组成: 北大西洋航线上的一艘船，有编号的公路上的一辆车，公交线路上的一辆公交车或者国道上的骑行者.

一条路线 (或者变体) 可能属于一条主路线 (route master) 关系，主路线关系应当包含该条路线的所有方向、变体路线及其信息。这将会使得OSM可以区分旅行路线的两个方向。

注意，一个路径有时同时具备多个编号。许多主要的欧洲"E"路线 与国道共享同一条路径 (有时甚至完全相同) 。

按照这种方案所渲染的骑行路线 (cycle routes)

按照这种方案所渲染的有轨电车及公交路线(bus routes)

Rendered walking routes following this scheme

标签

键	要求	值	解释
type	! Required	route	代表此关系是路线关系
route	! Required	road / inline_skates / evacuation / detour / bicycle / mtb (mountainbike) / foot / hiking / running / bus / trolleybus / ferry / canoe / train / railway / tracks / tram / horse / ski / snowmobile / piste	一条道路 (比如，构成A7公路的方式) ，骑行路线，徒步路线或者其他任何路线 (具体类型请参阅 #Route types (route)).
name	‽ Important	它的名称	这条路线的名称 (比如 Jubilee Cycle Route, Pembrokeshire Coastal Path).
ref	‽ Important	一个编号	这条路线所具备的编号; 比如， A7, NCN 11, Citi 4. 如果关系没有父关系route_master=*，这个标签是必备的，否则是可选的。
network	‽ Important	ncn / rcn / lcn / nwn / rwn / …	一个更广泛的线路网络。例如，英国全国的骑行线路网络或某地的骑行线路网络.
direction	? Optional	north / south / east / west	在加拿大、新西兰和美国，两个方向都被official cardinal direction 映射为 superrelation 中的单独一条关系时，需要标注官方的线路方向.
operator	? Optional	运营方名称	路线运营方，一般由当局或公司等运营，比如 Stagecoach Cambridge, Eurostar.
state	? Optional	proposed 计划/ alternate 备用/ temporary 临时/ connection 连接	有时线路可能临时变化 (即临时改道绕行)，或者线路处于计划状态 (比如，英国NCN线路有时不是官方公布的线路，还在讨论或准备过程中) 。connection用于连接两条不同路线或将线路连接到例如村镇中心等位置。
symbol	? Optional	Symbol description	用于表述标记该线路的符号；比如德国Franconia地区的 Frankenweg 中的 Red cross on white ground.
colour	? Optional	A color name or a hex triplet	颜色以 hex triplet 格式标注。对于公共交通路线尤其有用。例如： #008080 表示一种蓝绿色.
description	? Optional	简短的描述	这条路线的特殊之处.
distance	? Optional	距离	路线范围内的名义上的距离。用来供用户参考并自动评估；例如：线路的完整性. 默认单位是公里，使用小数点分隔整数和小数。如果指定单位，应将单位与数字之间用空格分开，同时使用 Units 页面中所述数值.
ascent	? Optional	上升	线路覆盖范围内海拔上升 (默认单位是米；其他单位需要明确指定), 如果一条路线起点与终点高度有落差，也请使用下降 (ascent).
descent	? Optional	下降	线路覆盖范围内海拔下降 (默认单位是米；其他单位需要明确指定)。仅在它与ascent (即路线起点与终点的高度不同) 不相符时，才使用下降 (descent).
roundtrip	? Optional	yes/no	路线是否在同一位置开始和结束；也就是说路线是否包含往返路程，最终回到起点.
interval	? Optional	公共交通路线中任意一个站点的发车间隔时间.	这个标签仅适用于公共交通路线. 使用 HH:MM:SS, H:MM:SS, HH:MM, H:MM, MM, 或者 M 的格式. 例如: 可以将 interval=00:12:30 添加到每12分30秒一班列车的地铁线路中.
duration	? Optional	公共交通路线上从第一站到最后一站所经过的时间.	这个标签仅适用于公共交通路线. 使用 HH:MM:SS, H:MM:SS, HH:MM, H:MM, MM, 或者 M 格式. 例如: 可以将 duration=00:42 添加到从开始到结束，全程耗时42分钟的地铁路线中.
tourism	? Optional	yes	如果线路尤其吸引游客的话.

成员

Way/node	角色	Recurrence	描述
		! 1+	组成线路的方式。目前应角色为空，而非 route 这种常用于 PTv1的角色。
	forward/ backward	? 0+	If a route should be followed in only one direction for some or all of its length, the role can indicate this for some or all of the constituent ways. forward means the route follows this way only in the direction of the way, and backward means the route runs only against the direction of the way. Rendered on the cycle map (example). 不能用于公共交通路线关系中 (应使角色为空).
	north/ south/ east/ west	? 0+	In Canada, New Zealand, and the United States, the a role set to a cardinal direction indicates which of the route's official route directions the way carries when the route is mapped as a single bidirectional relation.
	hail_and_ride	? 0+	This role should only be used on public transport routes. Used on road segments in a public transport route relation where you can stop a vehicle at any point to get on or off. Common in asian countries.
	reverse	? 0+	On some roads , a bus has to reverse its way out of cul-de-sac. To reflect this in a route relation, use this role on a road segment. This role should not be used anymore on public transport routes (put the way in the route relation twice instead).
	link	? 0+	Link roads (highway=*_link) from and to the route. See highway=motorway_link. Note: this is at best extremely dubious, or maybe always unwanted. In many cases, maybe all, adding link roads from and to the route is incorrect.
	stop	? 0+	仅适用于公共交通路线中. 属于公共汽车路线或火车路线 中的一员. 在关系中成员应当按照时间顺序前后排列。 目前请使用 stop 角色，而非 stop:<number>, forward:stop:<number>, backward:stop:<number>, forward:stop, backward:stop 这类常在PTv1中用来帮助查找车站位置错误或车站缺失的角色。
	platform 站台	? 0+	Platform仅适用于公共交通路线中. 一个公共汽车站或火车站台应当属于线路的一部分。成员们在关系中要按时间顺序前后排列。 目前，请使用 platform 角色，而不要使用 platform:<number> 这类常在PTv1中用来帮助查找站台位置错误或站台缺失的角色。
	guidepost	? 0+	A guidepost which refers the route. See information=guidepost.
	milestone	? 0+	(signed) kilometre, mile, leg, etc.
	information	? 0+	Information board, information stand about the route (and only the route).
	*		All commonly used values according to Taginfo

Note: to ensure a route is properly connected when using a two alternative directions (alternative route A1 and A2, using the forward and backward roles), make sure the element before the branch connects to the first element in A1 and the element after the branch connects to the last element of A2. Also note that the forward and backward roles refer to the directionality of the ways in A1 which need to be going in the same direction; if not all ways in A1 run in the same direction it may be necessary to use both forward and backward for the same alternate route A1.

路线类型 (route)

下表中按字母顺序排列，来自于地图要素#Route, 包含了最常用的关键词。更多的路线类型和不常用的关键词，请参见Key:route.

Key	Value	Element	Comment	Rendering	Photo
route	bicycle		Cycle routes or bicycles route are named, numbered or otherwise signed. May go along roads, trails or dedicated cycle paths
route	bus		The route a public bus service takes. See Buses.
route	canoe		Signed route for canoeing through a waterway.
route	detour		Route for fixed detour routes. Examples are Bedarfsumleitung in Germany and uitwijkroute in the Netherlands
route	ferry		The route a ferry takes from terminal to terminal Please make sure to add at least one node per tile (zoom level 12), better at least one every few km, so offline editors catch it with bbox requests.
route	foot		Walking Route - is used for routes which are walkable without any limitations regarding fitness, equipment or weather conditions.
route	hiking		Hiking explains how to tag hiking routes.
route	horse		Riding routes
route	inline_skates		Inline has more information on the subject.
route	light_rail		Route of a light rail line.
route	mtb		Mountain biking explains how to tag mtb routes.
route	piste		Route of a piste (e.g., snowshoe or XC-Ski trails) in a winter sport area.
route	railway		A sequence of railway ways, often named (e.g., Channel Tunnel). See Railways.
route	road		Can be used to map various road routes/long roads.
route	running		For running (jogging) routes.
route	ski		For ski tracks (e.g., XC-Ski Trails User:Langläufer/Loipemap).
route	subway		Route of a metro service
route	train		Train services (e.g., London-Paris Eurostar) See Railways.
route	tracks		Railroad track as rail infrastructure.
route	tram		See Trams for more information on tagging tram services.
route	trolleybus		The route of a trolleybus service.
route	User defined		All commonly used values according to Taginfo.

This table is a wiki template with a default description in English. Editable here.

公共交通路线

主条目：Public transport

所有的公共交通关系都由以下关键字和值组合而成：

关键字	要求	值	评论
type	! Required	route route_master
route route_master	! Required	bus trolleybus minibus share_taxi train light_rail subway tram ferry

由于公共交通在OpenStreetMap中是一个相当复杂和有争议的话题，因此本节仅仅是最基本的要求，这也有助于保持最新状态并避免wiki中的内容冲突。有关详细信息，请参阅Public transport。

公路路线

主条目：Key:network

主条目：:Category:Tag descriptions for key "network"

route路线	network网络	描述
road	e-road	European E-road network
road	AR:national	Argentine national roads
road	AR:provincial	Argentine provincial roads
road	by:national	Belarusian Road Network - national roads
road	BR	Brazilian Federal Highways
road	BR:xx	Brazilian state highways, where xx is replaced by a state code (RJ = Rio de Janeiro, MG = Minas Gerais, etc.)
road	bg:national	Bulgarian Road Network - national roads
road	ca_transcanada	Canadian Trans-Canada highways
road	ca_on_primary	Ontario primary highways
road	BAB	German Autobahn
road	GH:national	Ghana Road Network - national roads
road	GH:inter-regional	Ghana Road Network - inter-regional roads
road	GH:regional	Ghana Road Network - minor & major regional roads
road	gr:national	Greek national roads
road	gr:provincial:nn	Greek provincial roads, where nn is the prefecture's ISO code.
road	HK	Hong Kong Strategic Routes
road	HU:national	Hungarian expressways and main roads
road	JP:national	Japanese national roads
road	JP:prefectural	Japanese prefectural roads
road	na	Namibian roads
road	NL:A	The motorway network in the Netherlands (A-roads).
road	NL:N	The non-motorway network in the Netherlands (N-roads).
road	NL:S:city	The city route network in the Netherlands (S-roads), where city is the city.
road	NL:R:network	The recreational road network in the Netherlands (R-roads), where network is the network name.
road	ph:nhn	Philippine national highway network
road	PK:national	Pakistan National Highway network
road	PK:motorway	Pakistan Motorway network
road	PK:Province	Pakistan Provincial or Territorial network (example: PK:Punjab:LRR for Lahore Ring Road. This has it's own network subtag as it is not part of the main Punjab provincial network, and uses the common acronym rather than the name Lahore to avoid confusion with the city of Lahore as an operator)
road	pl:national	Polish Road Network - national roads
road	ro:DN	Romanian Road Network - national roads
road	ru:national	Автодороги России - Russian national roads
road	ua:national	Ukrainian national roads
road	US:I	Interstate Highways Relations, USA
road	US:US	United States Numbered Highway Relations, USA
road	US:xx	State highways in the United States, where xx is the state's postal abbreviation. Many states also have county route networks, and some have several tiers of state-owned roads.
road	VE:T:xx	"Troncal" roads in Venezuela, where xx is the state's name abbreviation, according to the INTT's standard
road	VE:L:xx	"Local" roads in Venezuela, where xx is the state's name abbreviation, according to the INTT's standard
road	VE:R:xx	"Ramal" roads in Venezuela, where xx is the state's name abbreviation, according to the INTT's standard
road	za:national	South African national roads
road	za:regional	South African regional roads

绕行

route	Description
detour	Local detours (used in the Netherlands and Germany). Detours are routes that avoid traffic jams on motorways, usually leading from one exit to the next.

自行车路线 (也包括山地车)

主条目：Cycle routes

Key	Presence	Value	Description
route	! Required	bicycle / mtb	Use "bicycle" or "mtb", but not "bicycle/mtb"
network	! Required for route=bicycle ? Optional for route=mtb		Specify the network as a international route, national route, a regional route or a local route, as per the normal tagging of cycle routes
		icn	International cycling network: long distance routes used for cycling routes that cross continents.
		ncn	National cycling network: long distance routes used for cycling routes that cross countries.
		rcn	Regional cycling network: used for cycling routes that cross regions.
		lcn	Local cycling network: used for small local cycling routes. Could be touristic loops or routes crossing a city.
ref	? Optional	Official reference	The reference number/ID found on signposts etc.
state	? Optional	proposed	Routes are sometimes not official routes, pending some negotiation or development. Maps may choose to render these routes differently; e.g., as dotted lines.

示例:

• Part of UK NCN Route 4 Part of UK NCN Route 4
• Part of London Route 5 Part of London Route 5

步行路线 (也包括远足和朝圣)

主条目：Walking Routes

Hiking routes are extensively mapped with route relations, and the Waymarkedtrails map will render route relations following this proposal and the osmc:symbol=*

Hiking routes are rendered for selected areas in Germany in a hiking and trail riding map (German). The tags required for rendering are:

Key	Presence	Value	Description
type	! Required	route
route	! Required	hiking	Typically longer or more strenuous routes, usually on unpaved paths.
		foot	Typically easier routes, usually on paved surfaces.
network	! Required	iwn	International walking network: long distance paths used for walking routes that cross several countries, for example the Camino de Santiago
		nwn	National walking network: long distance paths used for walking routes that cross countries
		rwn	Regional walking network: used for walking routes that cross regions.
		lwn	Local walking network: used for small local walking routes. Could be touristic loops or routes crossing a city
name	‽ Important		Meaningful route name suitable for identifying this route.
symbol	? Optional		Verbal description of the route marker symbols.
osmc:symbol	? Optional		Coded description of the route marker symbols.
pilgrimage	? Optional	yes / no	Whether the route is used for pilgrimage. This qualifies the use of a hiking/foot route; as opposed to creating a new route type with route=pilgrimage.

轮滑路线

主条目：Inline skating

Inline Skating routes have been mapped mainly in Switzerland EN:Switzerland/InlineNetwork and the Netherlands with route relations. Lonvias Skating map will render such routes.

Key	Presence	Value	Comment
route	! Required	inline_skates
network	! Required	international / national / regional / local	Specify the network as a international route, national route, a regional route, or a local route
ref	? Optional	Reference	References work best on the map if just the number is used, so for national 4: 4. The network tag correctly distinguishes the type, so just use ref.
state	? Optional	proposed	Routes are sometimes not official routes pending some negotiation or development; the map renders these routes as dotted.

Some examples in use:

• Part of Swiss National Route 3 Part of Swiss National Route 3
• Route 72 around the Greifensee Route 72 around the Greifensee
• Skating network in Midden-Delfland, Netherlands Skating network in Midden-Delfland, Netherlands

其他

This is a table with possible route tags being used right now:

route	Description
evacuation	Emergency evacuation routes
fitness_trail	For a fitness trail with extra exercise stations
horse	See also riding
inline_skates	Inline skate routes are named or numbered or otherwise signed routes for inline skating.
running	Used for marked running routes, usually 2–20km, that are used for exercise
snowmobile	For snowmobile routes. Either between two destinations or a collection of routes operated by someone
taxi	See also: route=share_taxi
trolleybus	See bus
cycling	Used for cycling events (like stages of the Tour de France). For (recreational) cycle network use bicycle
historic	Historic routes, such as horse-pack trails used for postal routes, ancient roads, etc. Often parts are lost. Please include an appropriate historic=*-value.
motorcycle	Used for motorcycling events (motorcycle rally, guided tours)
transhumance	For long distance livestock paths
waterway	A route via navigable waterways, suitable for commercial shipping or recreational boating
worship	A route along which fixed points of worship are placed, e.g. a via Crucis.

如何绘制

多条路线共享同一条路径

Especially with bicycle routes, often multiple routes run along the same ways for a far distance. There exist so many different bicycle route networks that are operated by different entities that it is not unusual that some of these networks overlap. The EuroVelo routes, for example, use the existing infrastructure in many countries. There are two practices at the moment, if segments of multiple routes share the same way.

• Add the ways to all relations of the routes that they belong to.
• Split the routes into part relations and make super relations (relations that don’t contain ways but instead other relations). Then add the segment that is shared by the routes to all of them.

Both practices each have advantages and disadvantages.

向多个线路关系添加路径

• When many routes share one path, it can be a lot of work to map a new part of the route, because you have to add the ways to all relations.
• People might not see that the path also is used by other routes and might forget to apply their changes to all relations. Thus the data may become inconsistent.
• This is probably the easier way, as it is somewhat hard for beginners to split relations into parts and to find out which part they have to edit.
• Relations might become very big, which makes it hard to work with them (analyzers need more time to process them, drawing them into the map will take a lot of JavaScript CPU time).
• If you don’t use super relations at all, you also have to add alternative routes and excursions to your relation. This makes it hard for analyzers and tools to understand the route. Role=excursion and role=alternative have been suggested, but they still don’t say which way belongs to which excursion (if there are multiple ones).
• It is the purpose of relations to group objects. When two primary roads share the same street at some section, we don’t create two ways that share the same nodes. So we shouldn’t create two relations that share the same ways.

为路线创建Super-relation

主条目：Superrelation

• Current renderers (like the CycleMap) don’t support super-relations, so they don’t show the ref and the network tag of a super-relation. Currently, all these tags have to be added to all part relations, which is a lot of work (especially as the parts need to have the different refs of all the routes they belong to).
• It is said to be good mapping practice to keep relations one way. So alternative routes and excursions need to be put into a different relation. So you often need a super-relation even without splitting the route into parts.
• Tools and analyzers (like the OSM Relation Analyzer, especially the GPX export function) don’t support super-relations yet. This makes it hard to analyze a route as a whole (which is important, for example, to calculate how much of a route already has been mapped). (Note: OSM Route Manager supports subrelations)
• There is no documented convention on how to handle super-relations. On first glance it appears simple--just take over all tags to all members--but it is not. There are tags where this makes no sense or which change the context and meaning when handed over to a member relation; e.g., distance or note. The same applies to roles other than in base relation, e.g. forward/backward.
• Super-relations can become very confusing when a relation belongs to multiple super-relations or a way belongs to multiple relations. In that case it is no longer deterministic from which relation a certain relation or way will receive its tags.
• When someone maps a new route, they might have to split other routes that share ways with it. People editing these other routes might get confused when the number of subrelations keeps changing the whole time.
• Current editors miss advanced relation editing features, such as “Split relation” (and also super-relation rendering). Things can get very confusing when one route consists of hundreds of small part relations.
• One motto of OSM is "Don't map for the renderers". If it is considered the more natural way of mapping to create super-relations, then the missing support in the renderers and tools should not stop us from doing so.
• Consider that super-relations are not necessarily included when requesting a set of data from the server. So depending on whether or not super-relations were included, the data is interpreted differently. As you cannot tell from a way or relation whether it is member of another relation, you never are quite sure whether you are seeing all the relevant data.
• It is common sense to create super-relations if one complete route is part of another route (like the German D6 is with EuroVelo EV6). If EV6 now shares only a part of another way in another country, we will have to create segments anyway (else we end up with a relation that contains both sub-relations and ways). We should either use the one method or the other.
• People need to know only the route that they are mapping. When someone maps the German D6 route, he doesn’t even need to know the EuroVelo network (as EV signs might not exist in his area), because, as with a super-relation, his part of the route gets added automatically to all parent relations. This fits the OSM concept better: When everyone maps the places and things he knows, a complete map of the world evolves.

At the moment it seems to be practice to create part-relations, if the shared segment is relatively big compared to the total length of a route. For a national bicycle route, 20 km might be a good limit. For shorter parts the single ways might be added to all relations they belong to. (Of course this is only a rule of thumb. Nothing of this is the official way of mapping.) It also might be important how many different way objects a segment consists of in OSM. It might be not very useful to create segments, if the route consists of motorways (as they only contain of a few, long ways), while bicycle routes often go through cities and residential areas where many ways would have to be added if there were multiple relations.

Another point when deciding which tagging method to use is to find out if the routes use the same ways only by coincidence. Thus, if one route is changed, the other route likely still will be using the old way, so using part-relations would not be appropriate.

大小

Common practice is not to create route relations with more than 250–300 members. If you need to create bigger relations, which could happen easily, make several reasonable-sized relations and unite them in a super-relation as mentioned above. Reasons:

• Keep the relations editable.
• Avoid conflicts. The bigger the relation the more likely it is that two users are working on it at the same time.
• Save the server resources.

There is also a list of Monster Relations.

公交巴士路线和环线

Bus routes passing through roundabouts are mapped in one of these two ways:

1. The whole roundabout is included in the route relation.
2. The roundabout is split and the part used by the bus route is included in the route relation.

There is no consensus among the OSM community regarding which method is recommended. The choice of method 1 or 2 has no effect on Garmin devices because split roundabouts are re-joined by mkgmap. It is also possible to re-join split roundabouts in Mapnik although this is not done for the rendering of the main map. Software developers should note that if the precise route is required and method 1 has been used, the details will need to be deduced from the positions of the entry to, and the exit from the roundabout; and also from the position of a stop, if the bus serves a stop on the roundabout. (In some cases a bus may make more than one full circuit of a roundabout.)

其他事项

For many route relations, members order matters. For instance, an unordered hiking route relation would have a pretty useless, unreadable elevation graph:

Unreadable elevation graph

In addition, data consumers may not be able to understand the path to be followed: one way, then another kilometers away, then back to the end of the first way…

Users editing routes should consequently try to keep them ordered if they are, or order them if they are not. A good hint, for JOSM, is to look at the last column of the members section of the relation editor: if this column has arrows in only one direction, and has no red points between members, then the members are ordered.

On the other hand, unordered relation members make this column display arrows in both directions, isolated members – segments without arrow and with 2 red dots –, and many red dots at continuity breaks.

Please be aware of the fact that some editors cannot handle (PTv2-)relations properly and splitting ways may result in unordered relations (e.g. iD-issues: [1], [2] or[3]).

• 

  Ordered members

• 

  Unordered members

步骤指南

How to create a new route (it is slightly different if you want to add ways to an existing route).

Potlatch

1. Ensure all ways that the route runs along exist and are appropriately tagged (e.g., highway=footway)
2. Select the first way and click on the second symbol on the right side, which looks like two chain segments.
3. Select a relation from the drop-down menu, if there is an existing relation in this area that is appropriate. If the existing relation you want to choose is far away, use the search function. Otherwise, select Create a new relation and click Add.
   1. Add a type tag with the value route.
   2. Add additional tags as needed. (Use the + button)
   3. Click OK.
4. The relation has been added to the way. The grey box to the right of the relation details and to the left of the X is the input field for the way's role within the relation. See the Members section above for details of roles within the route relation type.
5. Repeat steps 2–4, selecting the appropriate relation (the one just created) in step 3.

JOSM

1. Ensure all ways along which the route runs exist and are appropriately tagged (e.g., highway=footway)
2. Make sure the relation pane (Alt+Shift+R) is open
3. Select New in the relation pane to create a new relation
4. Fill in the appropriate tags in the dialog that pops up, adding at least type=route and preferrably name as well with a name for the route
5. Click OK
6. Now select some or all of the ways you would like to add to the relation using the normal select (S) tool, then click Edit in the relation pane with your relation highlighted. The relation editing dialog will pop up
7. Click Add selection in the relation dialog to add the selected ways to the relation.

关系上的导航：线路

Please list applications here that are able to navigate on an existing relation:route.

• cycle.travel uses route relations (of type=bicycle and type=road) to influence weighting for route selection.

相关提案

• Proposed features/via ferrata proposes a relation of type=route, route=ferrata

参见

• OSM Relation Analyzer (possible to search for relations by name)
• OSM Route Manager
• Hikingbook.pl automatically creates route descriptions and maps, as well as POI directory
• Rel2gpx exporter